Gallic acid is a polyphenol found in a variety of foods and herbs. Several studies have shown thta gallic acid has neuroprotective and anti-oxidant properties and can be a promising candidate for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, fatty liver disease and many others. Gallic acid acts by protecting cells against oxidative damage caused by reactive species often encountered in biological systems including, hydroxyl, superoxide and peroxyl and the non-radicals, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid. However, its ability to induce apoptosis, is mainly associated with its prooxidant, rather than antioxidant behavior.

Potassium Glycyrrhetinate (CAS no. 85985-61-1) is the potassium salt of Glycyrrhetinic Acid. Potassium Glycyrrhetinate is also known as Olean-12-En-29-Oic Acid, 3-Hydroxy-1, 1-Oxo-, Monopotassium Salt. Potassium Glycyrrhetinate functions as a flavoring agent and skin-conditioning agent—miscellaneous in cosmetic products.

Elaidic acid is the 9-trans isomer of oleic acid. It is a monounsaturated trans-fatty acid, which can be found in partially hydrogenated cooking oils. It was revealed, that elaidic acid inhibits HHT and HETE formation in human platelets incubated with arachidonic acid. Also was shown, that trans oleic acid increased plasma CETP activity, which increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and decreases high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid. In nature, formic acid is found in the stings and bites of many insects of the order Hymenoptera, including bees and ants. The principal use of formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. When sprayed on fresh hay or other silage, it arrests certain decay processes and causes the feed to retain its nutritive value longer. In medicine 85% formic acid application is a safe, economical, and effective alternative in the treatment of common warts with few side-effects and good compliance.

Linoleic acid is a naturally occurring omega-6 essential fatty acid, present in a variety of foods, including the oils. Linoleic acid is a precursor for arachidonic acid biosynthesis; on the first enzymatic step of the pathway involves delta-6-desaturase, which converts linoleic acid to gamma-lenolenic acid. Linoleic acid has beneficial effects on human skin and hair. Replacement of saturated fat with linoleic acid is advocated to improve serum lipoprotein profiles and reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. Linoleic acid was tested in clinical trilas as a possible remedy against multiple sclerosis.

Potassium salicylate is the potassium salt of salicylic acid. Potassium Salicylate is a cosmetic biocide and preservative, not currently in use. Potassium salicylate was used for the treatment of melasma. Potassium salicylate is considered safe as used when formulated to avoid irritation and when formulated to avoid increasing sun sensitivity, or, when increased sun sensitivity would be expected, directions for use include the daily use of sun protection.

Disodium aspartate is used in organic biosynthesis.

Ellagic acid is a dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid, that found in numerous fruits and vegetables. Ellagic acid was first discovered by chemist Henri Braconnot in 1831. Ellagic acid is found in oaks species like the North American white oak (Quercus alba) and European red oak (Quercus robur). The highest levels of ellagic acid are found in walnuts, pecans, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, and grapes, as well as distilled beverages. It is also found in peach, and other plant foods. Ellagic acid has antiproliferative and antioxidant properties in a number of in vitro and small-animal models. The antiproliferative properties of ellagic acid may be due to its ability to directly inhibit the DNA binding of certain carcinogens, including nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. As with other polyphenol antioxidants, ellagic acid has a chemoprotective effect in cellular models by reducing oxidative stress. Ellagic acid is an investigational drug studied for treatment of Follicular Lymphoma (phase 2 trial), protection from brain injury of intrauterine growth restricted babies (phase 1 and 2 trial), improvement of cardiovascular function in adolescents who are obese (phase 2 trial), and topical treatment of solar lentigines. Ellagic acid has been marketed as a dietary supplement with a range of claimed benefits against cancer, heart disease, and other medical problems. Ellagic acid has been identified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a "fake cancer 'cure' consumers should avoid".

Cinchophen, phenylcinchoninic acid, seems to have been discovered in 1887 by Doebner and Gieseke and to have been introduced into medicine under the trade name of atophan in 1908 by Nicolaier and Dohrn. Since that time it has been used extensively for gout as well as for other forms of arthritis and for the relief of pain of all types. Use of Cinchophen in humans ceased in the 1930s due to the discovery that it can cause serious liver damage.

Procaine is an anesthetic agent indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia, particularly for oral surgery. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine. Procaine is an ester anesthetic. It is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Procaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is thus inhibited. The receptor site is thought to be located at the cytoplasmic (inner) portion of the sodium channel. Procaine has also been shown to bind or antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the serotonin receptor-ion channel complex.