Beraprost is a stable, orally active prostacyclin analogue. Beraprost acts by binding to prostacyclin membrane receptors ultimately inhibiting the release of Ca2+ from intracellular storage sites. This reduction in the influx of Ca2+ has been postulated to cause relaxation of the smooth muscle cells and vasodilation. Beraprost is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension and improvement of ulcers, pain & feeling of coldness associated with chronic arterial occlusion. In addition beraprost displays thyroid hormone receptor antagonistic properties.

Eberconazole is an antifungal drug with broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity. The drug was developed and approved in Spain (Ebernet 1% cream) for the treatment of tinea. Eberconazole exerts fungicidal or fungistatic activity depending on concentration, being fungicidal at higher concentration and fungistatic at lower concentrations. Eberconazole prevents fungal growth by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, an essential component of the fungal cytoplasmic membrane leading to structural and functional changes. It prevents the fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase enzyme that is responsible for the formation of 14 alpha-methylsterols (precursor of ergosterols).

Guacetisal (Broncaspin) is a bronchomucotropic synthesized by the Bayer Italia S.p.A. Research Laboratories. It is obtained from the esterification of acetylsalicylic acid with guaiacol. Guacetisal was used for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and other inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. Guacetisal, used rectally, proved to be a valuable instrument for anti-inflammatory and anti-cough treatment in acute diseases of the airways in infancy.

Dimethyl phthalate, an organic compound, is used as repellents. This compound is a pollutant that is very harmful to organisms due to its mutagenicity, teratogenicity and carcinogenicity. It was discovered, that dimethyl phthalate could alter the biological function of the one of the most important bacteria in the environment, P. fluorescens.

Bietaserpine is a derivative of a Rauwolfia alkaloid reserpine. It was used as an antihypertensive agent and marketed in the 1960s in France and Italy. Bietaserpine is believed to act by inhibiting VMAT receptors.

Azidocillin is a narrow-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin derivative with antibacterial activity towards Grain-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, including Haemophilus influenze, against which it is as effective as ampicillin. Azidocillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis. Azidocillin can be applied in the treatment of inflammation of upper airways, middle ear, sinuses, throat, larynx and palatine tonsils. The substance is excreted with urine in 50-70% in the unchan¬ged form. It binds to the blood plasma proteins in 84%, and its half-life period is 30 min. The side effects are similar as those of benzylpenicillin but occur less frequently.

Acipimox (5-methylpyrazinecarboxylic acid 4-oxide) is a new lipolysis inhibitor that has a distant chemical relationship with nicotinic acid (NA). The anti-lipolytic action of acipimox is mediated through suppression of intracellular cyclic AMP levels, with the subsequent decrease in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity, leading to the reduced association of hormone-sensitive lipase with triacylglycerol substrate in the lipid droplet of adipocytes. Acipimox has been identified as an agonist at G-protein coupled nicotinic acid HM74A and HM74B receptors. Acipimox (Olbetam) is indicated for the treatment as alternative or adjunct treatment to reduce triglyceride levels in patients who have not responded adequately to other treatments such as statin or fibrate treatment for hypertriglyceridaemia (Fredrickson type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia) and hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia (Fredrickson type IIb hyperlipoproteinaemia).

Vernakalant is a new antiarrhythmic drug that acts selectively in the atrium, targeting atrial specific channels. Vernakalant is an anti-arrhythmic medicine that acts preferentially in the atria by prolonging atrial refractoriness and by rate-dependently slowing impulse conduction. These anti-fibrillatory actions on refractoriness and conduction are thought to suppress reentry, and are potentiated in the atria during atrial fibrillation. The preferential effects of vernakalant on the atria are postulated to result from its block of currents that are expressed in the atria (e.g., the ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium current; and the acetylcholine-activated potassium current), but not in the ventricles, as well as the unique electrophysiologic condition of the fibrillating atria. An oral formulation of vernakalant is in phase II development as a long-term maintenance therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation. An intravenous formulation of vernakalant has been launched in most countries in Europe and Latin America, and in Hong Kong, for the acute conversion of atrial fibrillation. The product has been approved for the acute conversion of atrial fibrillation in South Africa, Iceland, Turkey and is awaiting approval for the same indication in Canada. Phase III development of the IV formulation is ongoing at sites in Asia, and development is currently on hold in the US.

Tetrazepam was the most widely prescribed muscle relaxant in Germany. After a series of studies, which have shown, that tetrazepam caused cutaneous adverse effects and toxic epidermal necrolysis, the drug was withdrawn from the market.

Paramethasone is a glucocorticoid. It exerts anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions. Paramethasone stimulates the synthesis of enzymes needed to decrease anti-inflammatory response. It suppresses the immune system by reducing activity and volume of the lymphatic system, thus producing lymphocytopenia decreasing passage of immune complexes and possibly by depressing reactivity of tissue to antigen-antibody interactions.