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Restrict the search for
ethinyl estradiol
to a specific field?
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2022)
Source:
ANDA215634
(2022)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1934
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Progesterone is indicated in amenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding due to hormonal imbalance in the absence of organic pathology, such as submucous fibroids of uterine cancer. Progesterone, converted from pregnenolone, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of gonadal steroid hormones and adrenal corticosteroids. Progesterone is a naturally occurring steroid that is secreted by the ovary, placenta, and adrenal gland. In the presence of adequate estrogen, progesterone transforms a proliferative endometrium into a secretory endometrium. Progesterone is necessary to increase endometrial receptivity for implantation of an embryo. Once an embryo is implanted, progesterone acts to maintain a pregnancy. Progesterone shares the pharmacological actions of the progestins. Progesterone binds to the progesterone and estrogen receptors. Target cells include the female reproductive tract, the mammary gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary. Once bound to the receptor, progesterone will slow the frequency of release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and blunt the pre-ovulatory LH (luteinizing hormone) surge. In women who have adequate endogenous estrogen, progesterone transforms a proliferative endometrium into a secretory one. Progesterone is metabolized primarily by the liver largely to pregnanediols and pregnanolones. Pregnanediols and pregnanolones are conjugated in the liver to glucuronide and sulfate metabolites. Progesterone metabolites that are excreted in the bile may be deconjugated and may be further metabolized in the gut via reduction, dehydroxylation, and epimerization. Common progesterone side effects may include: drowsiness, dizziness; breast pain; mood changes; headache; constipation, diarrhea, heartburn; bloating, swelling in your hands or feet; joint pain; hot flashes; or vaginal discharge.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1977)
Source:
ANDA083220
(1977)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1931
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Estrone, one of the major mammalian estrogens, is an aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone. It is produced in vivo from androstenedione or from testosterone via estradiol. It is produced primarily in the ovaries, placenta, and in peripheral tissues (especially adipose tissue) through conversion of adrostenedione. Estrone may be further metabolized to 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone, which may be reduced to estriol by estradiol dehydrogenase. Estrogens enter the cells of responsive tissues (e.g. female organs, breasts, hypothalamus, pituitary) where they interact with estrogen receptors. Hormone-bound estrogen receptors dimerize, translocate to the nucleus of cells and bind to estrogen response elements (ERE) of genes. Binding to ERE alters the transcription rate of affected genes. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release from the anterior pituitary. Estrone dl-Form is a derivative of estrone. As early as 1935 extensive research programs directed toward the total synthesis of the female
sex hormone estrone were well under way. These studies have since been continued with increasing interest in laboratories all over the world. In
1942 Bachmann, Kushner and Stevenson succeeded in synthesizing a stereoisomer of the hormone,''estrone a." Using essentially the same
synthetic scheme as Bachmann, et al., Anner and
Miescher were able to isolate additional stereoisomers including dl-estrone (Estrone, (+-)-Isomer) . Six of the eight possible racemic forms, estrone, a-f, have now
been reported. Dl-Estrone (Estrone, (+-)-Isomer) is less active than Estrone.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT03596762: Phase 2 Interventional Completed Menopause
(2018)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT02311933: Phase 2 Interventional Active, not recruiting Recurrent Breast Carcinoma
(2015)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Endoxifen, also known as N-desmethyl-4-hydroxytamoxifen, is active metabolites of tamoxifen. This metabolite exhibits a 100-fold higher binding affinity to the estrogen receptor (ER) and are more effective in suppressing cell proliferation than tamoxifen. In humans, the conversion from tamoxifen to endoxifen is predominant. Endoxifenis is an orally active, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that was developed for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. In addition, this drug possesses antimanic properties, what can be used in the treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder (BPD I).
Status:
Investigational
Source:
J Reprod Med. Dec 1999;44(12):1012-20.: Not Applicable Human clinical trial Completed N/A
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Equilin is one of the active components of estrogens used in estrogen replacement therapy. This compound is used as a sulfate conjugate in drug Premarin. Equili is an inhibitor of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1), a key enzyme responsible for elevated levels of 17beta-estradiol (E2) in breast tumor tissues. Thus equilin reduce the E2 levels in breast tissues and hence the reduce risk of estrogen-dependent breast cancer.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
Neurology. Jan 1969;19(1):101-4.: Not Applicable Human clinical trial Completed Multiple Sclerosis/blood
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Androsterone, a neurosteroid, acts as a positive allosteric modulator of GABA(A) receptors, that can cross into the brain and could have effects on brain function. It was discovered, that the association of beta subunits with alpha subunits GABA(A) receptor affects the sensitivity of glycine receptors to androsterone. In spite of that, androsteron is considered as an inactive metabolite of testosterone. In addition, was studied that androsterone possessed anticonvulsant properties. Although of low potency, the androsterone was present in high abundance and was able to represent endogenous modulator of seizure susceptibility.
![Structure of [3H] Estradiol](/img/0252315c-fcfc-4082-9c18-1c4ceffc9640.svg?size=200&context=qcvihjpspv)
