Halazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Halazepam is used to relieve anxiety, nervousness, and tension associated with anxiety disorders. Halazepam (Paxipam) is no longer commercially available in the United States. Common adverse effects are: hypotension, nausea, xerostomia, confusion, headache. Alcohol should be avoided while taking Paxipam as it causes drowsiness as well. Medications that also cause drowsiness should not be taken along with Paxipam. These include: Antidepressants, Pain relievers, Seizure medications, Muscle relaxants, Antihistamines, Sleeping pills and sedatives.

Prazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative and is indicated to treat symptoms of anxiety. Benzodiazepines are used to treat severe incapacitating symptoms or symptoms leading to an extreme suffering for the patient. Prazepam is believed to stimulate GABA receptors in the ascending reticular activating system. Since GABA is inhibitory, receptor stimulation increases inhibition and blocks both cortical and limbic arousal following stimulation of the brain stem reticular formation. Prazepam is a prodrug for N-desmethyl-diazepam, which is responsible for the therapeutic effects of prazepam. Prazepam was discontinued in USA.

Mephenoxalone is an oxazolidinone compound. It is a skeletal muscle relaxant as well as anxiolytic. Mephenoxalone is indicated for the treatment of muscle spasms.

Mebutamate (Capla, Dormate) is a biscarbamate drug that has anxiolytic, sedative, and antihypertensive effects. It is marketed under many trade names, including Capla and Dormate. Its preparation was reported in a 1959 US patent to Carter Products. It is less well known that mebutamate is also hypnotic. In a 1967 study, L. Tetreault, P. Richer, and J. M. Bordeleau in Montreal found that, at a dose of 600 mg, mebutamate has hypnotic properties that “affect the duration and quality of sleep induction, and the duration and quality of sleep, without disturbing the state of the subject upon awakening and during the morning.” A higher dose (900 mg) did not change the overall effect, which was “consistently between that of secobarbital at 200 mg and 100 mg.” The authors did not observe any significant side effects. Mebutamate is one of many GABAergic drugs which act via allosteric agonism of the GABAA receptor at the β-subreceptor similar to barbiturates. In contrast, benzodiazepines act at the α-subreceptor. As such, carbamates and barbiturates, possess analgesic properties which the benzodiazepine class of drugs does not.

EMYLCAMATE (STRIATRAN®), the carbamate ester of the tertiary alcohol methylpentanol, is a tranquilizing and muscle relaxant agent used for the treatment of anxiety and tension.

CAPTODIAME, also known as captodiamine, is a diphenylmethane derivative. It is a 5-HT2c receptor antagonist and agonist at sigma-1 and D3 dopamine receptors. It is an antihistamine which is used as a sedative and anxiolytic. CAPTODIAME is probably useful in preventing benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.

Fabomotizole (also known as Afobazole) is a selective non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic which was developed in Russia and launched in 2006. The drug is used for the treatment of wide range of diseases: generalized anxious disorders, neurasthenia, adaptation disorders, sleep disorders, for alleviation of withdrawal syndrome. According to the drug label (in Russian), its action is related to the interaction with sigma-1 receptors.

Adinazolam, a benzodiazepine agonist, is an effective anxiolytic agent with antidepressant properties. It was shown, that adinazolam by itself had relatively weak benzodiazepine agonist activity, and much of the pharmacological activity belonged to its active metabolite N-desmethyladinazolam (NDMAD). Adinazolam has never been FDA approved, but it is sold as a research chemical.

Bentazepam (also known as Thiadipone, Tiadipona) is a benzodiazepine analog, used as a short-action anxiolytic. Bentazepam a thienodiazepine with the same main mechanism of action as the classic 1,4-benzodiazepines, is a short-action anxiolytic, with an elimination-half-life of 3 to 5 hours in healthy volunteers. Bentazepam possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. A severe benzodiazepine overdose with bentazepam may result in coma and respiratory failure. Adverse effects include dry mouth, somnolence, asthenia, dyspepsia, constipation, nausea and drug-induced lymphocytic colitis has been associated with bentazepam. Severe liver damage and hepatitis has also been associated with bentazepam. Whilst liver failure from bentazepam is considered to be rare, liver function monitoring has been recommended for all patients taking bentazepam.

Nordazepam (INN; marketed under brand names Nordaz, Stilny, Madar, Vegesan, and Calmday) is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative with amnesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and sedative properties. Nordazepam is an active metabolite of diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, prazepam, pinazepam, and medazepam, used primarily in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Nordazepam is a partial agonist at the GABAA receptor, which makes it less potent than other benzodiazepines, particularly in its amnesic and muscle-relaxing effects. Nordazepam’s elimination half-life is between 36 and 200 hours, with wide variation among individuals; factors such as age and gender are known to impact it. The variation of reported half-life are attributed to differences in nordazepam metabolism and that of its metabolites as nordazepam is hydroxylated to active metabolites such as oxazepam, before finally being glucuronidated and excreted in the urine. Common side effects of nordazepam include somnolence, which is more common in elderly patients and/or people on high-dose regimens. Hypotonia, which is much less common, is also associated with high doses and/or old age.