Thiram is a pesticide, It is used as a fungicide, ectoparasiticide to prevent fungal diseases in seed and crops. It is also used as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents and deer. Thiram belongs to the ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) chemical class. It is available as dust, flowable, wettable powder, water dispersible granules, and water suspension formulations and in mixtures with other fungicides. Thiram has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap. Thiram is a skin sensitizer. It is moderately toxic by ingestion, but it is highly toxic if inhaled. Acute exposure in humans may cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal complaints. In rats and mice, large doses of thiram produced muscle incoordination, hyperactivity followed by inactivity, loss of muscular tone, labored breathing, convulsions and death.

Benzylparaben (BzP), a type of parabens being used as a preservative agent in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical products. It is an allergic compound, which was shown to fit well into the agonist pocket of human estrogen receptor α (hERα).

Betadex is a nonreducing cyclic compound composed of seven alpha-(1-4) linked D-glucopyranosyl units. It is a pharmacologically inactive substance. Betadex is useful for stabilizing, solubilizing or delivering intermediate size molecules. Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that have been used to modulate the composition of cholesterol and other lipids in biological membranes and have also been used as pharmaceutical excipients in the formulation of hydrophobic drugs. More recently, 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins (HPβCDs) have gained attention as a potential therapeutic intervention for Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1) disease. HPβCDs are complex mixtures of different species, and variations in production may lead to differences in composition. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin dose-dependent effects against dysfunctional intracellular cholesterol trafficking in NPC1 cells.

Propylparaben is a bacteriostatic and fungistatic agent used as a preservative in cosmetic products, food and drugs. As a food additive, it has the E number E216. To increase the activity and reduce its dose propylparaben is used in a mixture with other parabens and in combination with other types of preservatives. Propylparaben is a chemical allergen capable of producing immunologically mediated hypersensitivity reactions. Chemically it is an ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Etohexadiol (or ethohexadiol) is an ectoparasiticide. It is a liquid aliphatic alcohol, EHD is widely used industrially, commercially and domestically for purposes that include a component of cosmetic formulations, in certain medicinal products, as a solvent, a chelating agent, a reactive diol, an intermediate and formerly an insect repellent. Etohexadiol, also known as Rutgers 612 or "6-12 repellent," discontinued in the US in 1991 due to evidence of causing developmental defects in animals.

Perflexane is a contrast agent for ultrasound Imaging. The mechanism of action of perflexane is an ultrasound contrast activity. Perflexane is a fluorinated hydrocarbon and gaseous substance used as an imaging contrast agent in the echocardiogram. After administration in microsphere form, perflexane increases ultrasound reflectivity of blood. This leads to an improvement of ultrasound signaling. Perflexane-lipid microspheres (AFO150) is a preparation of perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based micro bubbles it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2002 for clinical use in echocardiograms to opacify the left ventricular chamber and to improve the delineation of the left ventricular endocardial border. However, AFO150 is not currently available for clinical applications.

1,2-DIMYRISTOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE (dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, DMPC) is a synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes. DMPC is a frequently studied artificial lipid because it undergoes a phase transition at a convenient temperature. Upon cooling below 23.6°C it undergoes a transition from the liquid crystalline phase to the solid rippled phase, characterized by periodic corrugations of the bilayer.

Urea C-14 is a urea molecule radiolabelled with a radioactive carbon-14. Urea C-14 Breath Test is indicated for use in the detection of gastric urease as an aid in the diagnosis of H.pylori infection in the human stomach. The test utilizes a liquid scintillation counter for the measurement of CO in breath samples. To detect H.pylori, urea labeled with C is swallowed by the patient. If gastric urease from H.pylori is present, urea is split to form CO and NH at the interface between the gastric epithelium and lumen and CO is absorbed into the blood and exhaled in the breath. Antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, sucralfate, and bismuth preparations are known to suppress H.pylori. Ingestion of antibiotics or bismuth within 4 weeks and proton pump inhibitors or sucralfate within 2 weeks prior to performing the test may give false negative results.