Glycyrrhizic Acid is specific compound isolated from licorice plants. Ammonium Glycyrrhizate (also known as GLYCYRRHIZIN, AMMONIATED) is a salt, was investigated to be a safe and is used as ingredient in the formulation of makeup, fragrance, hair care, skin care, shaving, personal hygiene and suntan products.

Strontium ranelate is composed of an organic moiety (ranelic acid) and of two atoms of stable nonradioactive strontium. In vitro, strontium ranelate increases collagen and noncollagenic proteins synthesis by mature osteoblast enriched cells. The effects of strontium ranelate on bone formation were confirmed as strontium ranelate enhanced pre-osteoblastic cell replication. The stimulation by strontium ranelate of the replication of osteoprogenitor cell and collagen, as well as noncollagenic protein synthesis in osteoblasts, provides substantial evidence to categorize strontium ranelate as a bone-forming agent. In the isolated rat osteoclast assay, a pre-incubation of bone slices with strontium ranelate induced a dose- dependent inhibition of the bone resorbing activity of treated rat osteoclast. Strontium ranelate also dose-dependently inhibited, in a chicken bone marrow culture, the expression of both carbonic anhydrase II and the alpha-subunit of the vitronectin receptor. These effects showing that strontium ranelate significantly affects bone resorption due to a direct and/or matrix-mediated inhibition of osteoclast activity and also inhibits osteoclasts differentiation, are compatible with the profile of an anti-resorptive drug. Pharmacological and clinical studies suggest that strontium ranelate optimizes bone resorption and bone formation, resulting in increased bone mass, which may be of great value in the treatment of osteoporosis. Strontium ranelate is approved by EMA for the treatment of severe osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in adult men.

Aconitine is an alkaloid found in the Aconitum species. Aconitine is a highly toxic cardiotoxin and neurotoxin. In China and other countries, the herbal extract containing aconitine was used for the treatment of pain in musculoskeletal disorders, however the safety margin between therapeutic analgesic effect of aconitine and its known cardiotoxic effect is so narrow that the treatment may cause poisoning and death. The mechanism of aconitine action is explained by its ability to activate voltage-dependent sodium-ion channels.

Cerous iodide is a salt of lanthanide metal cerium (III) and iodide ion. In 1920s solution of cerous iodide for intravenous injection (called "introcid") was used as an antimicrobial agent for treating puerperal fever. It has shown prophylactic activity against sepsis, and was explored for its antineoplastic properties in patients with lymphogranulomatosis or inoperable solid tumors. According to the clinical reports, it has been applied with remarkable benefit, as indicated by tumor shrinkage and improved quality of life in several cases of locally advanced or metastatic tumors of different origin.

Stibophen (Fuadin), an organic trivalent antimony compound, has been used for many years in the treatment of schistosomiasis. Stibophen is used as treatment of schistosomiasis by intramuscular injection. Stibophen is known to act by selectively inhibiting worm PFK.

Cevadine, veratridine, and related lipophilic ceveratrum alkaloids cause activation of the voltage-sensitive Na+ channels of nerve, heart, and skeletal muscle cell membranes similar to pyrethrins. Both veratridine and cevadine alter the ion selectivity of Na+ channels and cause persistent activation. The receptor for these alkaloids has not been isolated, but experiments indicate it is distinct from that of pyrethrin. Structurally, veratridine and cevadine differ only in their acyl group. Cevadine has been used as an insecticide, acting as a paralytic agent with higher toxicity to insects than to mammals. It has been used to study Na+ channel blockers such as vincamine and vincanol by inducing Na+ channels in the presence and absence of the drugs being tested.

Nitrate ion (NO3 −) is found naturally in the environment and is an important plant nutrient. It is present at varying concentrations in all plants and is a part of the nitrogen cycle. Nitrate probably has a role in protecting the gastrointestinal tract against a variety of gastrointestinal pathogens, as nitrous oxide and acidified nitrite have antibacterial properties. Significant bacterial reduction of nitrate to nitrite does not normally take place in the stomach, except in individuals with low gastric acidity or with gastrointestinal infections. These may include individuals using antacids, particularly those that block acid secretion. Potassium nitrate is used as mild local desensitizer in toothpastes.

Direct reduced iron is an alternative iron source produced by heating an iron ore. In nature, most of the iron has an oxidized form.

Cevadine, veratridine, and related lipophilic ceveratrum alkaloids cause activation of the voltage-sensitive Na+ channels of nerve, heart, and skeletal muscle cell membranes similar to pyrethrins. Both veratridine and cevadine alter the ion selectivity of Na+ channels and cause persistent activation. The receptor for these alkaloids has not been isolated, but experiments indicate it is distinct from that of pyrethrin. Structurally, veratridine and cevadine differ only in their acyl group. Cevadine has been used as an insecticide, acting as a paralytic agent with higher toxicity to insects than to mammals. It has been used to study Na+ channel blockers such as vincamine and vincanol by inducing Na+ channels in the presence and absence of the drugs being tested.

Sodium perborate monohydrate is an inorganic sodium salt widely used in laundry detergents and in peroxide-based bleaches, such as tooth whitening products. It also has antiseptic and disinfectant properties and is therefore used as an oral debriding agent or oral wound cleanser.