Pefloxacin is a fluorinated quinolone that is structurally related to nalidixic acid. It can be administered both orally and intravenously, and has a broad spectrum of in vitro activity against Gram-negative organisms and staphylococci. The bactericidal action of pefloxacin results from interference with the activity of the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are needed for the transcription and replication of bacterial DNA. DNA gyrase appears to be the primary quinolone target for gram-negative bacteria. Topoisomerase IV appears to be the preferential target in gram-positive organisms. Interference with these two topoisomerases results in strand breakage of the bacterial chromosome, supercoiling, and resealing. As a result DNA replication and transcription is inhibited. It is prescribed for the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in males and for gram-negative bacterial infections in gastrointestinal system and genitourinary tract.

Alprenolol is a beta adrenoreceptor blocking agent and 5HT1A antagonist, developed by AstraZeneca and now available as generic drug. It is used for treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris due to coronary atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction.

Chlormidazole was the first azole introduced the treatment of topical mycosis. It demonstrated inhibitory activity against many fungi and some gram-positive cocci. It is used for the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections of nails and skin, including interdigital and periungual mycoses. Possible side effects are: local skin irritation, burning, itching.

Acemetacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, lower back pain, and relieving post-operative pain. It is manufactured by Merck KGaA under the tradename Emflex and is available in the UK as a prescription-only drug. Other brand names for acemetacin include Rheutrop (Austria), Acemetadoc, Acephlogont, Azeat, Rantudil (Germany, Hungary, Mexico, Portugal, Turkey), Gamespir (Greece), Oldan, Reudol (Spain), Tilur (Switzerland), Ost-map (Egypt). Acemetacin is a glycolic acid ester of indomethacin. The pharmacological activity resulting from acemetacin administration in man is derived from the presence of both acemetacin and indomethacin. The precise pharmacological mode of action of acemetacin is not known. However, unlike other NSAIDs, acemetacin is only a relatively weak inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase. Prostaglandins are known to have an antisecretory and cytoprotective effect on the gastric mucosa. Acemetacin shows activity in many of the established in vitro tests of anti-inflammatory activity including inhibition of the release of a number of mediators of inflammation. Acemetacin is well absorbed after oral administration. Its major metabolite is indomethacin, which, after repeated administration is present at levels in excess of those of acemetacin. Acemetacin is bound to plasma protein to a slightly lesser extent than indomethacin and has a relatively short plasma elimination half-life. It is eliminated by both hepatic and renal mechanisms. The pharmacokinetics appear to be linear at recommended therapeutic doses, unaffected by moderate renal or hepatic impairment, and unchanged in the elderly.

Trimegestone is a 19-norpregnane progestin. It has a potent progesterone receptor and very low androgen receptor affinities but no detectable affinity to oestrogen receptor. Trimegestone has been developed for use in conjunction with oestrogen and 17-beta-estradiol for postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. In vitro studies have shown that trimegestone can inhibit cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19). Although its clinical importance is unknown, trimegestone can moderately elevate the plasma concentration of drugs metabolized through CYP2C19, such as citalopram, imipramine and diazepam. Trimegestone is an effective and well-tolerated new progestin, which does not negate the beneficial effects of oestrogen on lipids.

Cloranolol is a specific beta-adrenergic antagonist. It is used as an antiarrhythmic agent. Its antiarrhythmic effectiveness stronger than propranol and equal or surpass the effectivity of pindolol. It has a negligible cardiodepressant activity as compared to other beta-adrenergic antagonists. Cloranolol has mainly cardiorespiratory side effects judging from the beta-blocker characteristics

Cloprednol is a steroid, which was used for the treatment of asthma. The exact mechanism of cloprednol action is unknown. The drug was marketed under several names, including Syntestan and Cloradryn, however, its current marketing status is unknown and supposed to be discontinued.

Clofoctol [2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4-(tetramethyl-1,1,3,3-butyl)phenol] is a synthetic antibacterial agent with bactericidal activity on various Gram-positive (especially S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae, but also Corynebacterium spp. and Propionibacterium acnes) and some Gram-negative bacteria (including Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella spp., Neisseria meningitides, and Neisseria gonorrhea). A peculiar property of clofoctol is the rapidity of the antimicrobial effect, similar to that of antiseptic compounds, which makes the development of resistance less likely. Following rectal administration of clofoctol, absorption is rapid and nearly complete (about 98%), with a good penetration in the lung tissue. Clofoctol is primarily metabolized by hepatic glucuronidation and excreted through the biliary system; renal elimination is negligible. Clofoctol compound has been used mainly in France (under the trade name Octoplus ) and Italy (as Gramplus) for the treatment of mild upper respiratory tract infections, especially in pediatric patients

Azanidazole (or Triclose), an antitrichomonal agent that is used to treat the vaginal trichomoniasis in Italy. This drug causes genotoxicity in liver and kidney that is not separated from its biological activity.

Mizolastine (Mizollen) is a long-acting H1 -antihistamine indicated for the symptomatic relief of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (hay fever), perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria. It blocks H1 receptors and is commonly fast-acting. It does not prevent the actual release of histamine from mast cells, just prevents it binding to receptors. Side effects can include dry mouth and throat