Edaglitazone have a clear PPAR-gamma agonist profile, with predominant PPAR-gamma activity and little PPAR-alpha activity. Edaglitazone was reported to significantly improve insulin sensitivity and enhance the rate of glucose oxidation in both the presence and absence of insulin. Additional studies have shown that edaglitazone affects muscle glucose metabolism by additional mechanisms other than PPAR-gamma activation. Phase I clinical studies have revealed that edaglitazone is well-tolerated and capable of significantly improving glucose homeostasis. Edaglitazone had been in phase II clinical trials for the treatment if type 2 diabetes. However, this research has been discontinued.

Oxodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that has been developed by IQB as an antihypertensive agent. Experiments on dogs have shown that oxodipine exerted a relatively specific action on blood vessels without significant intrinsic negative chronotropic properties. in addition, in Europe, the drug was involved in phase III clinical trials in and in phase II for the treatment of Hypertension. Besides, oxodipine was studied for the treatment of ischaemic heart disorders. However, these studied were discontinued.

Ozolinone, an active metabolite of diuretic etozoline was studied also as a loop diuretic. Experiments on dogs have shown that ozolinone, induced stereoselective and prostaglandin-dependent renin secretion, which was involved in the regulation of intra-renal hemodynamics. Information about the current use of this drug is not available.

Ozolinone, an active metabolite of diuretic etozoline was studied also as a loop diuretic. Experiments on dogs have shown that ozolinone, induced stereoselective and prostaglandin-dependent renin secretion, which was involved in the regulation of intra-renal hemodynamics. Information about the current use of this drug is not available.

Mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) has type-I integral membrane receptors. M6P-receptors bind and transport M6P-enzymes to lysosomes, but it can also modulate the activity of a variety of extracellular M6P-glycoproteins (i.e., latent TGFbeta precursor, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, Granzyme B, growth factors, Herpes virus). M6P has been demonstrated to reduce active TGF-β1 expression on cultured tendon fibroblasts and improved range of movement in a rabbit flexor tendon injury model. Studies of M6P in relation to skin scarring demonstrate improvement in scar cosmesis and accelerated return of normal dermal architecture. Juvidex, a formulation of M6P, inhibits the activation of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, which are present at high levels in adult wounds that scar. On the other hands, M6P in a 600 mM hypertonic solution (Adaprev) potentially acts via a physical, non-chemical, hyperosmotic effect.

Profadol is a pyrrolidine derivative patented in the 1960s by pharmaceutical company Parke-Davis as opioid analgesic. Profadol acts as a mixed agonist-antagonist of the μ-opioid receptor and in preclinical studies, Profadol precipitates abstinence in morphine-dependent monkeys and can reverse pethidine- induced narcosis in nondependent monkeys. In morphine-dependent human subjects, Profadol was also found to pre¬cipitate acute abstinence syndromes, with a potency 40 to 50 times less than that of nalorphine. Profadol, unlike other morphine-antagonists, does not produce nalorphine-like subjective effects. Over a fourfold range of doses, this drug was found to produce subjective effects indistinguishable from those of morphine. Also unlike other morphine-antagonists, profadol is quite active on the "classical" rodent tests for analgesia. It is about 1.3 times as potent as pethidine on the mouse hot-plate test, and about four times as potent on the rat tail-pressure test.

Profadol is a pyrrolidine derivative patented in the 1960s by pharmaceutical company Parke-Davis as opioid analgesic. Profadol acts as a mixed agonist-antagonist of the μ-opioid receptor and in preclinical studies, Profadol precipitates abstinence in morphine-dependent monkeys and can reverse pethidine- induced narcosis in nondependent monkeys. In morphine-dependent human subjects, Profadol was also found to pre¬cipitate acute abstinence syndromes, with a potency 40 to 50 times less than that of nalorphine. Profadol, unlike other morphine-antagonists, does not produce nalorphine-like subjective effects. Over a fourfold range of doses, this drug was found to produce subjective effects indistinguishable from those of morphine. Also unlike other morphine-antagonists, profadol is quite active on the "classical" rodent tests for analgesia. It is about 1.3 times as potent as pethidine on the mouse hot-plate test, and about four times as potent on the rat tail-pressure test.

Midaglizole (also known as DG 5128) is a α2 adrenoceptor antagonist. Daiichi Pharmaceutical developed this drug as an oral antidiabetic agent and to treat asthma. However, further study of this drug was discontinued.

PF-03893787 is potent and selective histamine H4 receptor (H4R) antagonist. It has comparable binding affinity to the human histamine H3 receptor. PF-03893787 was found to have significant affinity for the hERG channel. Novartis initiates a phase II extension trial in Atopic dermatitis. Studies exploring the utility of PF-3893787 in patients would be reported in due course, being the potential indications of asthma, pruritus, inflammatory skin diseases and pain, among others.