Dibekacin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic useful in the treatment of severe gram-negative bacterial infections. The drug is marketed in Japan.

Drofenine, product name Spasmo-Cibalgin (Novartis, Oman), is an antispasmodic/anticholinergic agent used for relaxing smooth muscle, treating dysmenorrhea, and relieving pain in the gastrointestinal tract, biliary passages, and urogenital tract. The possible therapeutic effect of drofenine is proposed by its activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 (TRPV3), a member of the TRPV subfamily of TRP ion channels.

Vedaprofen is a PGE2 synthase inhibitor approved in Europe for the treatment of pain in horses and dogs.

Cyclobutyrol (CB) is a choleretic agent, which also inhibits biliary lipid secretion. Administration of cyclobutyrol reduced biliary concentration and output of cholesterol and phospholipid. This is due to an uncoupling of the secretion of cholesterol and phospholipids from that of bile acids. Biliary outputs of the canalicular membrane enzymes 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphodiesterase I are depressed. The most likely effect of CB is exerted at the level of the canalicular membrane.

Alfadolone or alphadolone is an oral neurosteroid, which can be useful as an analgesic.

Clobutinol is a cough suppressant that is withdrawn from the US and EU markets. Clobutinol was used for the short-term treatment of irritable, non-productive cough (a ‘dry' cough where the patient does not cough up any phlegm or mucus). Medicines containing clobutinol have been available since 1961 and were authorised in a number of Member States. Clobutinol-containing medicines were available in Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Finland and France. They include tablets, oral solutions, syrups and solutions for injection, and were available over-the-counter in many Member States. Clobutinol was available as generic and branded medicines, most of which were marketed by Boehringer Ingelheim under the trade name Silomat. Studies in 2004 had indicated that clobutinol has the potential to prolong the QT interval. In 2007, Clobutinol was determined to cause cardiac arrhythmia in some patients.

Gallopamil is a L-type calcium channel blocker designed for the treatment of coronary heart diseases: angina pectoris, prinzmetal angina and hypertonia.

Deptropine citrate is a well-known H1-histamine receptor antagonist and muscarinic receptor antagonist. It is prescribed frequently for treatment of asthma, although there has been a sharp decrease in prescriptions since 1994. Deptropine is gradually being replaced by inhaled beta 2 adrenergic agonists and glucocorticosteroids as the preferred clinical prescription. Recently deptropine has garnered interest as a potential treatment for breast cancer. In vitro studies have shown deptropine citrate has inhibitory effects on cell viability and mammosphere formation in Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs). However, it does not seem to inhibit the self-renewal capacity of the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 when it is enriched with Cancer Stem Cells.

Tulobuterol is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Tulobuterol has almost no effects on blood pressure and heart rate and is highly selective for the tracheal muscle. It is indicated to improve symptoms such as respiratory distress caused by airway obstruction of bronchial asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema. Serious side effects detected were: tremor, palpitations and serum potassium level decrease.

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) following cerebral aneurysm rupture or trauma can result in the induction of secondary ischaemic brain damage via a decrease in microvascular perfusion, a disruption of the blood-brain barrier and consequent vasogenic oedema, and the delayed spasm of the major cerebral arteries (i.e. vasospasm). It is increasingly apparent that oxygen radical-induced, iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation (LP) within the subarachnoid blood and vascular wall plays a key role in the occurrence of these secondary events. Tirilazad mesylate, is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid, is a potent cytoprotective inhibitor of LP that works by a combination of radical scavenging and membrane stabilizing properties. It has been demonstrated to attenuate the acute and delayed vascular consequences of SAH and to protect the brain against ischaemic insults. Tirilazad mesylate has been proposed to treat acute ischaemic stroke. When tested on animal models, tirilazad protects brain tissue, and reduces brain damage. However, the drug fails to treat, and even worsens a stroke when studied on a human being.