Since its discovery as component of the tea leaf by Albert Kossel in 1888, the history of theophylline (CAS 58-55-9) has been a long and successful one. At the turn of the century, theophylline became less expensive due to chemical synthesis and was primarily used as diuretic in subsequent years. It was Samuel Hirsch who discovered the bronchospasmolytic effect of theophylline in 1992, however, despite this pioneering discovery theophylline continued to be used primarily as diuretic and cardiac remedy. The molecular mechanism of bronchodilatation is inhibition of phosphodiesterase(PDE)3 and PDE4, but the anti-inflammatory effect may be due to histone deacetylase (HDAC) activation, resulting in switching off of activated inflammatory genes. Theophylline is indicated for the treatment of acute exacerbations of the symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with asthma and other chronic lung diseases, e.g., emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Acetic acid (a component of vinagre) is used in medicine for the treatment of otitis externa caused by bacterial infections. The solution containing acetic acid was approved by FDA.

Potassium is needed to maintain good health. When potassium level falls below 3.5 mmol/L, Hypokalemia is diagnosed. In case of extremely low level of potassium (lower than 2.5 mmol/L) the following symptoms are appeared: malaise and fatigue. This low level of potassium can lead to severe muscle weakness and paralysis; respiratory failure; intermittent muscle spasms. It is known, foods that are good sources of potassium and low in sodium may reduce the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. Potassium supplementation is also recommended as an adjuvant antihypertensive agent for patients with essential hypertension.

Acetic acid (a component of vinagre) is used in medicine for the treatment of otitis externa caused by bacterial infections. The solution containing acetic acid was approved by FDA.

Methylene blue, also known as methylthioninium chloride, is a medication from WHO's list of essential medicines. Upon administration, methylene blue is converted to leukomethylene blue by erythrocyte methemoblobin reductase in the presence of NADPH. Leukomethylene blue than reduces methemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin, thus restoring oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. Methylene blue is also used as a dye for various diagnostic procedures, for treatment of ifosfamide toxicity and for in vitro staining. Historically, it was used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy for topical treatment of dermatologic or mucocutaneous infections, as an antidote for cyanide poisoning, but these applications are no longer approved. Methylene blue is investigated in clinical trials for treatment of septic shock and Alzheimer's disease.

Sodium lactate is primarily indicated as a source of bicarbonate for prevention or control of mild to moderate metabolic acidosis in patients with restricted oral intake whose oxidative processes are not seriously impaired. Sodium Lactate is most commonly associated with an E number of “E325” Sodium Lactate blends are commonly used in meat and poultry products to extend shelf life and increase food safety. They have a broad antimicrobial action and are effective at inhibiting most spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. In addition sodium lactate is used in cosmetics as a humectant, providing moisture.

Benzoic acid is a natural ingredient occurring in many foodstuffs and in plant extracts. Benzoic acid, its salts and esters are used as preservatives in cosmetic products, with a maximum concentration of 0.5 %. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate are on the FDA list of substances that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Both may be used as antimicrobial agents, flavouring agents and as adjuvants with a current maximum level of 0.1% in food. Benzoic acid is a constituent of Whitfield Ointment, which is used for the treatment of fungal skin diseases such as tinea, ringworm, and athlete's foot. Adverse effect of Whitfield Ointment: occasionally, a localized mild inflammatory response occurs.

The aluminum salt of Allantoin, Alcloxa combines the astringent and anti-microbial properties of aluminum with the anti-irritant, soothing and healing properties of Allantoin. Alcloxa is particularly suited for use in anti-perspirants, acne treatments and foot care products. Alcloxa is a compound that combine the properties of aluminum salts with the properties of allantion. The allantion component ehhances the action of the aluminum salts and serves to overcome irritations experienced by many individuals who may be sensitive to the use of aluminum alts. The aluminum component reduces sweat by causing the sweat gland ducts swell. Alcloxa also add to the antiperspirant properties the deodorant effect because of its bacteriostatic action. It showed bacteriostatic properties at concentrations of 0.2% particularly against Gram bectaria (B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. vulgaris, Pityrosporum ovale). This is ascribable to two different mechanisms: first bacterial growth is retarded due to a decrease in the amount of water present, second aluminum salt have itself an antimicrobial action. In baby products is indicated for its healing reparative action, in the treatment of diaper rash. Also is approved in haemorrhoidal product for its soothing and keratolytic action. In oral care products Alcloxa is useful for its astringent antibacterial properties. It is very indicated in formulations for sensitive teeth, periodontal and gum diseases (like gingivitis, irritable and bleeding gums). Use levels: 0.1-1%. − In antiacne products the slightly astringent effect promotes healing of pustules and acne lesions. It reduces the extension of infected skin eruptions, healing them and developing a soothing action. May be used alone or also in combinations with other antimicrobial agents in order to fight acne more effectively. Use levels: 0.5-2.0%.

There is not much information related to the medical application of ALUMINIUM TRIGLYCINATE, also known as ALUMINIUM AMINOACETATE. Nevertheless, some articles are describing the antacid properties of this substance and its application in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

Potassium citrate is indicated for the management of renal tubular acidosis with calcium stones, hypocitraturic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis of any etiology, uric acid lithiasis with or without calcium stones. WhenPotassium citrate is given orally, the metabolism of absorbed citrate produces an alkaline load. The induced alkaline load in turn increases urinary pH and raises urinary citrate by augmenting citrate clearance without measurably altering ultrafilterable serum citrate. Thus, potassium citrate therapy appears to increase urinary citrate principally by modifying the renal handling of citrate, rather than by increasing the filtered load of citrate. Potassium citrate is used as a food additive (E 332) to regulate acidity.