Dacarbazine (DTIC), also known as imidazole carboxamide, is an antineoplastic agent, which is used in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. In addition, this drug also is indicated for Hodgkin’s disease as a second-line therapy when used in combination with other effective agents. Dacarbazine works by methylating guanine at the O-6 and N-7 positions. Guanine is one of the four nucleotides that makes up DNA. The alkylated DNA strands stick together such that cell division becomes impossible. This affects cancer cells more than healthy cells because cancer cells divide faster. Dacarbazine is bioactivated in liver by demethylation to "MTIC" and then to diazomethane, which is an alkylating agent. Symptoms of anorexia, nausea, and vomiting are the most frequently noted of all toxic reactions. Over 90% of patients are affected with the initial few doses.

Potassium citrate is indicated for the management of renal tubular acidosis with calcium stones, hypocitraturic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis of any etiology, uric acid lithiasis with or without calcium stones. WhenPotassium citrate is given orally, the metabolism of absorbed citrate produces an alkaline load. The induced alkaline load in turn increases urinary pH and raises urinary citrate by augmenting citrate clearance without measurably altering ultrafilterable serum citrate. Thus, potassium citrate therapy appears to increase urinary citrate principally by modifying the renal handling of citrate, rather than by increasing the filtered load of citrate. Potassium citrate is used as a food additive (E 332) to regulate acidity.

Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring organic compound, and an important industrial precursor to many other materials and organic compounds. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is used as a disinfectant. Formaldehyde vapors are toxic, upon entry formaldehyde reacts readily with macromolecules, including DNA to form DNA-protein and DNA-DNA cross-links.