Myosmine (3-(1-pyrrolin-2-yl)pyridine) is a minor tobacco alkaloid widely occurring in food products of plant and animal origin. Myosmine expresses significant genotoxic effects in human target cells of carcinogenesis. After nitrosation and/or peroxidation, myosmine gives rise to reactive pyridyloxobutylating species which are capable of forming pyridyloxobutylated DNA adducts.

Selenomethionine, DL- is the racemic mixture of the D and L enantiomers of Selenomethionine, that used us animal’s dietary supplement. Selenomethionine, DL- was tolerated by chickens for fattening at up to 1.5 mg selenium supplemented/kg feed; Selenomethionine, DL- is therefore safe for chickens for fattening provided total dietary selenium does not exceed 0.5 mg/kg complete feed; this conclusion is extended to all animal species. Based on available toxicity studies and previous assessments of closely related compounds, it is concluded that selenium from Selenomethionine, DL- does not elicit any adverse effects not expected in a selenium compound. The use of Selenomethionine, DL- in animal nutrition is expected to result in a similar increase in selenium deposition in animal tissues/products as that resulting from other sources of Selenomethionine, DL- . To ensure consumer safety from consumption of food originating from animals fed Selenomethionine, DL-, dietary selenium supplementation from the additive should not exceed a maximum of 0.2 mg Se/kg complete feed. Although a Selenomethionine, DL- containing additive did not release any measurable dust, the additive is considered as a hazard by inhalation, which requires protection measures for users since the additive is not the subject of authorisation, and selenium is highly toxic. The additive is not an irritant to skin and eyes and is not a dermal sensitiser. The use of Selenomethionine, DL- in feed does not pose an additional risk to the environment, compared with other sources of selenium for which it will substitute, as long as the maximum authorised content in complete feed is not exceeded.

Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), a pleasant smelling organic aromatic compound, is widely used as a flavoring additive in food, beverage, cosmetic and drug industries. It is reported to cross the blood brain barrier and also displayed antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Vanillin is a natural substance widely found in many plant species and often used in beverages, foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. Antioxidant and anticancer potential have been described for this compound. Vanillin has been classified as a bioantimutagen and is able to inhibit mutagenesis induced by chemical and physical mutagens in various cell systems. Vanillin, a selective agonist of TRPV1, has been shown to attenuate i.c.v. STZ and AlCl3+d-galactose induced experimental Alzheime's disease (AD).

Chrysarobin was originally extracted from Goa powder, a substance deposited in the wood of Andira Araroba, Aguiar (Nat. Ord.—Leguminosae). Chrysarobin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9-anthrone) has enol tautomer of 1,8,9-trihydroxy-3-methyl-anthracene. Chrysarobin exerts antipsoriatic action. The use of chrysarobin has a number of quite serious disadvantages, not the least of which is that it can result in severe staining and irritation of the skin. Chrysarobin is an anthrone skin tumor promoter.

Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid. Caffeic acid is naturally found in many agricultural products, such as fruit, vegetables, wine, olive oil, and coffee, and therefore, significantly present in human diet. Caffeic acid has been reported to have a wide variety of biological activities, including antioxidants, antithrombosis, antihypertensive, antifibrosis, antiviral and anti-tumor properties. Caffeic acid can be effectively employed as a natural antioxidant in various food products such as oils. Caffeic acid exhibits potent anticancer effect in HT-1080 cell line and that it may be used as an anticancer agent. Caffeic acid showed neuroprotective action against oxidative and DNA damage produced in the kindling epilepsy model, although they did not produce antiepileptogenic effect in vivo. Caffeic acid was effective in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Detected in clinical trial caffeic acid-related adverse events were: mild nausea and elevation of liver enzymes.

Troxerutin (TXN) is a flavonoid present in tea, coffee, cereal grains, and a variety of fruits and vegetables. It inhibits the agglomeration of blood platelets and red blood cells; prevents thrombogenesis; protects endothelial cells; and enhances microcirculation. It possess anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Troxerutin protected different cell types (epithelial cells, fibroblasts and lymphocytes) against peroxyl radical-induced apoptosis, necrosis and mitotic death. It scavenged intracellular basal and inducible ROS levels and also restored depletion of intracellular GSH levels. Troxerutin might provide a safe and effective treatment for rhinorrhea in the common cold deserves systematic evaluation. The use of a mixture of troxerutin, diosmin and hesperidin is a safe and effective mean of managing symptoms of acute hemorrhoidal disease. Troxerutin is used for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency.

Keracyanin (antirrhinin) is the pigment originally isolated from the fruit of the cherry. The compound exerts potent antioxidant properties. It is able to inhibit host- and bacteria-derived proteinases. Dietary supplementation with purified keracyanin suppresses body weight gain in high-fat diet fed mice.

UBIQUINOL is a reduced form of coenzyme Q10, a lipid-soluble molecule that consists of an aromatic ring and a 10-unit isoprenoid chain. It is naturally produced by the body. A significant increase in plasma CoQ10 status observed after supplementation in one study suggested that UBIQUINOL is a better supplemental form to enhance the CoQ10 status than ubiquinone (the oxidized form of Q10). UBIQUINOL has also been found to reduce oxidative stress induced by strenuous exercise. Oxidative stress is associated with aging and many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and cognitive decline. Ubiquinol has furthermore been shown to improve mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the brain, and cognitive improvement was found as a result of Ubiquinol intake in chronic fatigue syndrome patients. UBIQUINOL is considered safe, but can have side effects such as upper abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea and headaches. CoQ10 might make blood-thinning drugs, such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven), less effective. This could increase the risk of a blood clot.

Zeaxanthin is one of the most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature. It is synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms. Lutein and Zeaxanthin are found in the macula of the human retina, as well as the human crystalline lens. They play a role in protection against age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and cataract formation. The antioxidant properties of lutein and zeaxanthin together with ocular antioxidants (selenium, zinc, copper, vitamin A, C, E, etc.) inhibit free radical damage caused by light and oxygen. Zeaxanthin supplements are typically taken on the supposition of supporting eye health. It is is Generally Recognized As Safe by FDA.