ZEAXANTHIN

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C40H56O2
Molecular Weight	568.8714
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	2 / 2
E/Z Centers	9
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

SMILES

CC(\C=C\C=C(C)\C=C\C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC2(C)C

InChI

InChIKey=JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N

InChI=1S/C40H56O2/c1-29(17-13-19-31(3)21-23-37-33(5)25-35(41)27-39(37,7)8)15-11-12-16-30(2)18-14-20-32(4)22-24-38-34(6)26-36(42)28-40(38,9)10/h11-24,35-36,41-42H,25-28H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,17-13+,18-14+,23-21+,24-22+,29-15+,30-16+,31-19+,32-20+/t35-,36-/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C40H56O2
Molecular Weight	568.8714
Charge	0
Count	MOL RATIO 1 MOL RATIO (average)

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	2 / 2
E/Z Centers	9
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Description

Zeaxanthin is one of the most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature. It is synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms. Lutein and Zeaxanthin are found in the macula of the human retina, as well as the human crystalline lens. They play a role in protection against age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and cataract formation. The antioxidant properties of lutein and zeaxanthin together with ocular antioxidants (selenium, zinc, copper, vitamin A, C, E, etc.) inhibit free radical damage caused by light and oxygen. Zeaxanthin supplements are typically taken on the supposition of supporting eye health. It is is Generally Recognized As Safe by FDA.

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
osteoclast development 6	Inhibitor 8,504
Oxidative Stress 162	Inhibitor 8,504

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Vision disorders 1	Palliative	Approved 8,583	Lutemax 2020
Age-related memory impairment 4	Primary	Phase III 665	Unknown
Cataract 15	Primary	Phase III 665	Unknown

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
0.033 μM	0.58 μmol 1 times / day multiple, oral	LUTEIN	ZEAXANTHIN plasma	Homo sapiens
0.113 μM	2.31 μmol 1 times / day multiple, oral	LUTEIN	ZEAXANTHIN plasma	Homo sapiens

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
0.655 μM × h	0.58 μmol 1 times / day multiple, oral	LUTEIN	ZEAXANTHIN plasma	Homo sapiens
2.476 μM × h	2.31 μmol 1 times / day multiple, oral	LUTEIN	ZEAXANTHIN plasma	Homo sapiens

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
5.51 day	2.31 μmol 1 times / day multiple, oral	LUTEIN	ZEAXANTHIN plasma	Homo sapiens

Doses

Doses

Show entries

Dose	Population	Adverse events
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose	unhealthy, ADULT

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Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inducer 1,087	inhibitor 2,438	inhibitor 2,507	inhibitor 2,217

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP2B6 926 CYP2C8 1,057 CYP2C19 2,057 CYP2E1 1,060 CYP3A4/5 296 UGT1A1 246 UGT1A3 89 UGT1A4 98 UGT1A6 136 UGT1A9 148 UGT2B7 197 UGT2B15 84 CYP19A1 429 CYP1A2 2,153 P-gp 1,741 CYP2A6 879	P-gp 2,052

Drug as perpetrator

Show entries

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP19A1 430	inhibitor 4,027	inconclusive [IC50 33.4915 uM]
UGT1A1 303	inhibitor 4,027	likely [IC50 >50 uM]
UGT1A3 99	inhibitor 4,027	likely [IC50 >50 uM]
CYP1A2 2,333	inhibitor 4,027	no
CYP2A6 911	inhibitor 4,027	no

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Drug as victim

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Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
P-gp 2,052	substrate 4,014	inconclusive

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Tox targets

Show entries

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
hERG 2,263	inhibitor 2,237

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PubMed

Show entries

Title	Date	PubMed
Identification of lutein and zeaxanthin oxidation products in human and monkey retinas.	1997 Aug	9286269
Density of the human crystalline lens is related to the macular pigment carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin.	1997 Jul	9293517
Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in rod outer segment membranes from perifoveal and peripheral human retina.	2000 Apr	10752961

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Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Dietary Supplement: Lutein/zeaxanthin 10 mg lutein and 2 mg zeaxanthin (1 tablet)

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Zeaxanthin at 50-150 uM significantly inhibited the expression of VEGF and accumulation of HIF-1α protein caused by hypoxia but did not affect expression of VEGF and HIF-1α under normoxic conditions.in the primary culture of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.