Efloxate is a coronary vasodilator developed in 1959 in Italy by Recordati and used for the treatment of angina pectoris. The drug is no longer marketed.

Riodipine is the blocker of calcium channels of L-type. Riodipine is indicated for the treatment of arterial hypertension, prevention of attacks of angina pectoris. Antiepileptic effect of riodipine was manifested by a decreased frequency and amplitude of interictal discharges and a less frequent appearance of ictal discharges. Riodipine increased latency to first convulsive episodes and delayed the development of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Detected side effects are: arterial hypotension, tachycardia, hypostasis of shins, increase of a daily urine. Allergic reactions to the drug are possible. Nitrates, tricyclic antidepressants, and other anti-hypertensive drugs are able to potentiate of riodipine effects.

Bromopride is a dopamine D2 receptor blocker. Bromopride exerts is a gastrointestinal prokinetic exploited clinically for the management of motor disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, including functional dyspepsia, gastric stasis of various origins and emesis.

Caroverine is a spasmolytic drug used in tinnitus treatment improves mechanosensitivity and mechanotransduction phenomenon and otoneuroprotective agent. Caroverine acts as an N-type calcium channel blocker, competitive AMPA receptor antagonist, and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. When excessive glutamate binds to NMDA receptors, the receptor opens and allows calcium and sodium to enter the neuron, abnormal levels of calcium disturbs ionic balance causing spontaneous depolarization state. Pathological spontaneous depolarization state is reversed back to physiological polarization state by antagonistic property of Caroverine.

Citiolone (N-acetylhomocysteine thiolactone) is an antioxidant drug used in the treatment of liver diseases.

Tilorone (trade names Amixin, Lavomax and others) is the first recognized synthetic, small molecular weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer. Tilorone induces the formation of interferons (alpha, beta, gamma) by intestinal epithelial cells, hepatocytes, T-lymphocytes, and granulocytes. After ingestion, the maximum production of interferon is determined in the sequence of the intestine - liver - blood after 4-24 hours. Activates the stem cells of the bone marrow, stimulates humoral immunity, increases the production of IgM, IgA, IgG, affects the antibody formation, reduces the degree of immunosuppression, restores the ratio of T-helperers / T-suppressors. The mechanism of antiviral action is associated with the inhibition of translation of virus-specific proteins in infected cells, thereby suppressing the replication of the virus. Effective against influenza viruses and viruses that cause ARVI, hepato- and herpesviruses, incl. CMV and others. The mechanism of antiviral action is associated with the inhibition of translation of virus-specific proteins in infected cells, thereby suppressing the replication of the virus.

Trichlormethine is a nitrogen mustard vesicant that has application in chemical warfare and has been used as a cytostatic alkylating agent in leukemia and lymphoma therapy. Trichlormethine was tested for carcinogenicity by subcutaneous injection in mice and rats. The study in mice was inadequate for evaluation. In rats, trichlormethine induced a high incidence of sarcomas (mostly spindle-cell type) in animals of each sex at the site of subcutaneous injection, as well as a few intestinal adenocarcinomas; neither tumor type was seen in controls. Trichlormethine caused vomiting, anorexia and blood-containing feces in dogs a few hours after a single intravenous injection of 1 mg/kg BW. Decreased peripheral lymphocyte counts were observed in rabbits injected intravenously and in mice injected subcutaneously with trichlormethine. Trichlormethine was tested for carcinogenicity by subcutaneous injection in mice and rats. ln rats, trichlormethine induced a high incidence of sarcomas (mostly spindle-cell type) in animals of each sex at the site of subcutaneous injection, as well as a few intestinal adenocarcinomas; neither tumor type was seen in controls. Trichlormethine is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

Rebamipide, an amino acid derivative of 2-(1H)-quinolinone, is used for mucosal protection, healing of gastroduodenal ulcers, and treatment of gastritis. It works by enhancing mucosal defense, scavenging free radicals, and temporarily activating genes encoding cyclooxygenase-2. Rebamipide is used in a number of Asian countries including Japan (marketed as Mucosta), South Korea, China, and India (where it is marketed under the trade name Rebagen). It is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the United States. Studies have shown that rebamipide can fight the damaging effects of NSAIDs on the GIT mucosa.

Seratrodast belongs to a class of medication called thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist. Seratrodast blocks the broncho-constrictor effects of certain chemicals (prostaglandins) in the body. Seratrodast also decreases the inflammation by antagonising the thromboxane A2 receptor. Adverse effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, drowsiness, headache, palpitations, and hepatitis. Seradair may interact with Ozagrel.

Bucillamine [SA96:N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-L-cysteine] is a synthetic SH compound and an antirheumatic agent developed from tiopronin. It is mainly used in Japan and Korea. Activity is mediated by the two thiol groups that the molecule contains. Research done in the USA showed positive transplant preservation properties. Bucillamine has the potential to attenuate or prevent damage during myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery and organ transplantation. Bucillamine is a more potent thiol donor than other cysteine derivatives: approximately 16-fold more potent than N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst(R)) in vivo. In addition bucillamine appears to have additional anti-inflammatory effects unrelated to its antioxidant effect. Oral bucillamine is used clinically in Asia for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. There is a strong preclinical evidence that parenteral infusion of this agent is efficacious in acute settings characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. In Phase I human trials healthy volunteers received bucillamine at doses up to 25 mg/kg/h i.v. for 3 h and elicited no serious toxicity. On the basis of pharmacokinetic analyses of blood levels during these studies, it was concluded that bucillamine infused at i.v. doses > or =10 mg/kg/h for 3 h to humans could be expected to be therapeutically effective in myocardial infarction, organ transplantation and other acute inflammatory syndromes. Bucillamine exhibits potent antioxidant activity similar to those of trolox and ascorbic acid. It reduces the stable free radical diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Bucillamine is a potent antioxidant which exerts its beneficial therapeutic activities in RA patients by metal chelation rather than by scavenging free radical species.