Ketamine (brand name Ketalar) is a cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Ketalar is indicated as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation; also, it is indicated for the induction of anesthesia prior to the administration of other general anesthetic agents. Ketamine blocks NMDA receptors through an interaction with sites thought to be located within the ion channel pore region. However, the complete pharmacology of ketamine is more complex, and it is known to directly interact with a variety of other sites to varying degrees. Recently, it was shown that inclusion of the NR3B subunit does not alter the ketamine sensitivity of recombinant NR1/NR2 receptors expressed in oocytes. Likewise, 100 μM ketamine produced only weak inhibition of the glycine-induced current of NR1/NR3A/NR3B receptors. The side effects of ketamine noted in clinical studies include psychedelic symptoms (hallucinations, memory defects, panic attacks), nausea/vomiting, somnolence, cardiovascular stimulation and, in a minority of patients, hepatoxicity. The recreational use of ketamine is increasing and comes with a variety of additional risks ranging from bladder and renal complications to persistent psychotypical behaviour and memory defects. Ketamine was first synthesized in 1962 by Calvin Stevens at Parke-Davis Co (now Pfizer) as an alternative anesthetic to phencyclidine. It was first used in humans in 1965 by Corssen and Domino and was introduced into clinical practice by 1970.

Thiothixene (trade mark Navane) belongs to a class of antipsychotics known as the first-generation antipsychotics, sometimes referred to as conventional or typical antipsychotics. Thiothixene is a thioxanthene antipsychotic which elicits antipsychotic activity by postsynaptic blockade of CNS dopamine receptors resulting in inhibition of dopamine-mediated effects; also has alpha-adrenergic blocking activity. Thiothixene is effective in the management of schizophrenia. Only cis isomer of thiothixene exerts clinical effectivity.

Ethosuximide is a succinimide anticonvulsant, used in the treatment of epilepsy. Ethosuximide suppresses the paroxysmal three cycle per second spike and wave activity associated with lapses of consciousness which is common in absence (petit mal) seizures. The frequency of epileptiform attacks is reduced, apparently by depression of the motor cortex and elevation of the threshold of the central nervous system to convulsive stimuli. Binds to T-type voltage sensitive calcium channels. Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1G gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the "low-voltage activated (LVA)" group and are strongly blocked by mibefradil. A particularity of this type of channels is an opening at quite negative potentials and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle. They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons which is important for information processing as well as in cell growth processes. Ethosuximide is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.

Methylprednisolone is a prednisolone derivative with similar anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive action. It is adjunctive therapy for short-term administration in rheumatoid arthritis. It is indicated in the following conditions: endocrine disorders, rheumatic disorders, collagen diseases, allergic states etc. Methylprednisolone is marketed in the USA and Canada under the brand names Medrol and Solu-Medrol. Methylprednisolone is a GR receptor agonist.

Pyrantel is an anthelmintic, which acts as an agonist of nicotinic receptors (AChRs) of nematodes and exerts its therapeutic effects by depolarizing their muscle membranes. It is used to treat a number of parasitic worm infections. This includes ascariasis, hookworm infections, enterobiasis (pinworm infection), trichostrongyliasis and trichinellosis. Common adverse reactions include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache and somnolence.

Potash (Dihydroxyaluminum Sodium Carbonate), a component of Kompensan-S Forte in Germany, is a basic inorganic salt that acts by neutralizing hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions. Kompensan-S Forte is slowly solubilized in the stomach and reacts with hydrochloric acid to form aluminum chloride and water. It also inhibits the action of pepsin by increasing the pH and via adsorption. Cytoprotective effects may occur through increases in bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and prostaglandins.

Darglitazone is a member of the thiazolidinedione class of drugs and an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. It has a variety of insulin-sensitizing effects, such as improving glycemic and lipidemic control, and is used in the treatment of metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes. Darglitazone sodium had been in phase I clinical trials by Pfizer for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, this study has been discontinued.

Otenabant (CP-945,598) is Pfizer developed as a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor CB1 antagonist with Ki of 0.7 nM, which exhibits 10,000-fold greater selectivity against human CB2 receptor, for treatment of obesity. In clinical trial III Pfizer decided to discontinue the development program based on changing regulatory perspectives on the risk/benefit profile of the CB1 class and likely new regulatory requirements for approval.

Eribaxaban (PD 348292) is an orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor. It demonstrated antithrombotic efficacy in animal models. Pfizer was developing eribaxaban for the treatment of venous thrombosis.

Traxoprodil (CP-101,606) is a potent, selective N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NR2B subunit) antagonist under development by Pfizer for its potential as a neuroprotectant in head injury and neurodegenerative disease. It is in phase II trials in the US and in phase I in Japan for the potential treatment of head injury, such as, Depressive Disorder, Major and Parkinson's Disease. CP-101,606 does not protect against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar neurons, up to a dose of 10 uM. These results are consistent with CP-101,606 being a potent NMDA antagonist, selective for the type of NMDA receptor associated with the hippocampus. Some further investigation revealed that CP-101,606 was associated with a dose-related dissociation and amnesia. These results support the hypothesis that glutamate antagonists may be useful antidyskinetic agents. However, future studies will have to determine if the benefits of dyskinesia suppression can be achieved without adverse cognitive effects.