Details
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Molecular Formula | C13H16ClNO |
Molecular Weight | 237.725 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CNC1(CCCCC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2Cl
InChI
InChIKey=YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C13H16ClNO/c1-15-13(9-5-4-8-12(13)16)10-6-2-3-7-11(10)14/h2-3,6-7,15H,4-5,8-9H2,1H3
Molecular Formula | C13H16ClNO |
Molecular Weight | 237.725 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23432384
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23432384
Ketamine (brand name Ketalar) is a cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Ketalar is indicated as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation; also, it is indicated for the induction of anesthesia prior to the administration of other general anesthetic agents. Ketamine blocks NMDA receptors through an interaction with sites thought to be located within the ion channel pore region. However, the complete pharmacology of ketamine is more complex, and it is known to directly interact with a variety of other sites to varying degrees. Recently, it was shown that inclusion of the NR3B subunit does not alter the ketamine sensitivity of recombinant NR1/NR2 receptors expressed in oocytes. Likewise, 100 μM ketamine produced only weak inhibition of the glycine-induced current of NR1/NR3A/NR3B receptors. The side effects of ketamine noted in clinical studies include psychedelic symptoms (hallucinations, memory defects, panic attacks), nausea/vomiting, somnolence, cardiovascular stimulation and, in a minority of patients, hepatoxicity. The recreational use of ketamine is increasing and comes with a variety of additional risks ranging from bladder and renal complications to persistent psychotypical behaviour and memory defects. Ketamine was first synthesized in 1962 by Calvin Stevens at Parke-Davis Co (now Pfizer) as an alternative anesthetic to phencyclidine. It was first used in humans in 1965 by Corssen and Domino and was introduced into clinical practice by 1970.
Originator
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27018176
Curator's Comment: Ketamine was first synthesized in 1962 by Calvin Stevens at Parke-Davis Co (now Pfizer) as an alternative anesthetic to phencyclidine. It was first used in humans in 1965 by Corssen and Domino and was introduced into clinical practice by 1970. # in 1962 Calvin Stevens at Parke-Davis Co (now Pfizer)
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2094124 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2858237 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | KETALAR Approved UseKetamine hydrochloride injection is indicated as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation. Ketamine hydrochloride is best suited for short procedures but it can be used, with additional doses, for longer procedures. Ketamine hydrochloride injection is indicated for the induction of anesthesia prior to the administration of other general anesthetic agents. Ketamine hydrochloride injection is indicated to supplement low-potency agents, such as nitrous oxide. Specific areas of application are described in the CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Section. Launch Date1970 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
2104 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881626/ |
9 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 9 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KETAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
496 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881626/ |
3 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 3 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KETAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
632 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881626/ |
9 mg single, rectal dose: 9 mg route of administration: Rectal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KETAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
148.3 mg × min/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881626/ |
3 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 3 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KETAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
163.6 mg × min/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881626/ |
9 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 9 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KETAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
76.4 mg × min/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881626/ |
3 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 3 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KETAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
111.2 ng × min/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881626/ |
9 mg single, rectal dose: 9 mg route of administration: Rectal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KETAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
125 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881626/ |
3 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 3 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KETAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
120 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881626/ |
9 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 9 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KETAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
123 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881626/ |
3 mg/kg single, nasal dose: 3 mg/kg route of administration: Nasal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KETAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
100 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8881626/ |
9 mg single, rectal dose: 9 mg route of administration: Rectal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KETAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
0.5 mg/kg 1 times / day single, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 0.5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 18-65 years n = 126 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: major depressive disorder | bipolar disorder Age Group: 18-65 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 126 Sources: |
Other AEs: Dissociation... |
14 mg 8 times / day single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Sources: |
healthy, adult n = 34 Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 34 Sources: |
Other AEs: Dizziness, Hyperhidrosis... Other AEs: Dizziness Sources: Hyperhidrosis Somnolence Hypoaesthesia Feeling abnormal Nausea Vomiting |
50 mg single, intranasal Dose: 50 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 50 mg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 19 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 19 Sources: |
Other AEs: Numbness, Blurred vision... Other AEs: Numbness (below serious, 2 patients) Sources: Blurred vision (below serious, 1 patient) Decreased appetite (below serious, 1 patient) Irritable (below serious, 1 patient) |
0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Other AEs: Headache, Nausea... Other AEs: Headache (below serious, 3 patients) Sources: Nausea (below serious, 2 patients) Vomiting (below serious, 1 patient) Depression (below serious, 1 patient) Diarrhea (below serious, 1 patient) Insomnia (below serious, 1 patient) Pain in extremity (below serious, 1 patient) Poor quality sleep (below serious, 1 patient) Suicidal ideation (below serious, 1 patient) Flushing (below serious, 1 patient) Hot flush (below serious, 1 patient) Increased appetite (below serious, 1 patient) White blood cell count decreased (below serious, 1 patient) |
0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Other AEs: Suicide attempt, Headache... Other AEs: Suicide attempt (serious, 1 patient) Sources: Headache (below serious, 2 patients) Vomiting (below serious, 1 patient) Depression (below serious, 1 patient) Dyspepsia (below serious, 2 patients) Tachycardia (below serious, 1 patient) Asthenia (below serious, 1 patient) Dermatitis contact (below serious, 1 patient) Fall (below serious, 1 patient) Hepatic enzyme increased (below serious, 1 patient) Loss of consciousness (below serious, 1 patient) Malaise (below serious, 1 patient) Overdose (below serious, 1 patient) Presyncope (below serious, 1 patient) Viral upper respiratory tract infection (below serious, 1 patient) |
0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 22 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 22 Sources: |
Other AEs: Headache, Nausea... Other AEs: Headache (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: Nausea (below serious, 3 patients) Vomiting (below serious, 1 patient) Depression (below serious, 1 patient) Diarrhea (below serious, 1 patient) Pain in extremity (below serious, 1 patient) Suicidal ideation (below serious, 1 patient) Tooth abscess (below serious, 1 patient) Cough (below serious, 1 patient) Respiratory tract infection (below serious, 1 patient) Vertigo (below serious, 1 patient) |
0.5 mg/kg single, oral Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Depression and Anxiety|Cancer Population Size: 3 Sources: |
Other AEs: Headache, Chest pain... Other AEs: Headache (below serious, 2 patients) Sources: Chest pain (below serious, 1 patient) |
1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Other AEs: Headache, Nausea... Other AEs: Headache (below serious, 3 patients) Sources: Nausea (below serious, 3 patients) Vomiting (below serious, 1 patient) Blood pressure increased (below serious, 2 patients) Insomnia (below serious, 1 patient) Poor quality sleep (below serious, 1 patient) Tachycardia (below serious, 1 patient) Dissociation (below serious, 1 patient) Dizziness (below serious, 1 patient) Hypertension (below serious, 1 patient) Upper respiratory tract infection (below serious, 1 patient) |
2.55 mg/kg single, intravenous (total daily dose) Dose: 2.55 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 2.55 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Sepsis Population Size: 10 Sources: |
Other AEs: Pericardial effusion, Ventricular tachycardia... Other AEs: Pericardial effusion (serious, 1 patient) Sources: Ventricular tachycardia (serious, 1 patient) Delirium (below serious, 1 patient) |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Dissociation | 0.5 mg/kg 1 times / day single, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 0.5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 18-65 years n = 126 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: major depressive disorder | bipolar disorder Age Group: 18-65 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 126 Sources: |
|
Dizziness | 14 mg 8 times / day single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Sources: |
healthy, adult n = 34 Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 34 Sources: |
|
Feeling abnormal | 14 mg 8 times / day single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Sources: |
healthy, adult n = 34 Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 34 Sources: |
|
Hyperhidrosis | 14 mg 8 times / day single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Sources: |
healthy, adult n = 34 Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 34 Sources: |
|
Hypoaesthesia | 14 mg 8 times / day single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Sources: |
healthy, adult n = 34 Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 34 Sources: |
|
Nausea | 14 mg 8 times / day single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Sources: |
healthy, adult n = 34 Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 34 Sources: |
|
Somnolence | 14 mg 8 times / day single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Sources: |
healthy, adult n = 34 Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 34 Sources: |
|
Vomiting | 14 mg 8 times / day single, intranasal Highest studied dose Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 14 mg, 8 times / day Sources: |
healthy, adult n = 34 Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 34 Sources: |
|
Blurred vision | below serious, 1 patient | 50 mg single, intranasal Dose: 50 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 50 mg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 19 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 19 Sources: |
Decreased appetite | below serious, 1 patient | 50 mg single, intranasal Dose: 50 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 50 mg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 19 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 19 Sources: |
Irritable | below serious, 1 patient | 50 mg single, intranasal Dose: 50 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 50 mg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 19 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 19 Sources: |
Numbness | below serious, 2 patients | 50 mg single, intranasal Dose: 50 mg Route: intranasal Route: single Dose: 50 mg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 19 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 19 Sources: |
Depression | below serious, 1 patient | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Diarrhea | below serious, 1 patient | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Flushing | below serious, 1 patient | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Hot flush | below serious, 1 patient | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Increased appetite | below serious, 1 patient | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Insomnia | below serious, 1 patient | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Pain in extremity | below serious, 1 patient | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Poor quality sleep | below serious, 1 patient | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Suicidal ideation | below serious, 1 patient | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Vomiting | below serious, 1 patient | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
White blood cell count decreased | below serious, 1 patient | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Nausea | below serious, 2 patients | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Headache | below serious, 3 patients | 0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 18 Sources: |
Asthenia | below serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Depression | below serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Dermatitis contact | below serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Fall | below serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Hepatic enzyme increased | below serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Loss of consciousness | below serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Malaise | below serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Overdose | below serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Presyncope | below serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Tachycardia | below serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Viral upper respiratory tract infection | below serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Vomiting | below serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Dyspepsia | below serious, 2 patients | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Headache | below serious, 2 patients | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Suicide attempt | serious, 1 patient | 0.2 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Cough | below serious, 1 patient | 0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 22 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 22 Sources: |
Depression | below serious, 1 patient | 0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 22 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 22 Sources: |
Diarrhea | below serious, 1 patient | 0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 22 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 22 Sources: |
Headache | below serious, 1 patient | 0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 22 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 22 Sources: |
Pain in extremity | below serious, 1 patient | 0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 22 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 22 Sources: |
Respiratory tract infection | below serious, 1 patient | 0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 22 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 22 Sources: |
Suicidal ideation | below serious, 1 patient | 0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 22 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 22 Sources: |
Tooth abscess | below serious, 1 patient | 0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 22 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 22 Sources: |
Vertigo | below serious, 1 patient | 0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 22 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 22 Sources: |
Vomiting | below serious, 1 patient | 0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 22 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 22 Sources: |
Nausea | below serious, 3 patients | 0.5 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 22 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 22 Sources: |
Chest pain | below serious, 1 patient | 0.5 mg/kg single, oral Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Depression and Anxiety|Cancer Population Size: 3 Sources: |
Headache | below serious, 2 patients | 0.5 mg/kg single, oral Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 0.5 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 3 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Depression and Anxiety|Cancer Population Size: 3 Sources: |
Dissociation | below serious, 1 patient | 1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Dizziness | below serious, 1 patient | 1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Hypertension | below serious, 1 patient | 1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Insomnia | below serious, 1 patient | 1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Poor quality sleep | below serious, 1 patient | 1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Tachycardia | below serious, 1 patient | 1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Upper respiratory tract infection | below serious, 1 patient | 1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Vomiting | below serious, 1 patient | 1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Blood pressure increased | below serious, 2 patients | 1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Headache | below serious, 3 patients | 1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Nausea | below serious, 3 patients | 1 mg/kg single, intravenous Dose: 1 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 20 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Treatment-Resistant Depression Population Size: 20 Sources: |
Delirium | below serious, 1 patient | 2.55 mg/kg single, intravenous (total daily dose) Dose: 2.55 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 2.55 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Sepsis Population Size: 10 Sources: |
Pericardial effusion | serious, 1 patient | 2.55 mg/kg single, intravenous (total daily dose) Dose: 2.55 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 2.55 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Sepsis Population Size: 10 Sources: |
Ventricular tachycardia | serious, 1 patient | 2.55 mg/kg single, intravenous (total daily dose) Dose: 2.55 mg/kg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 2.55 mg/kg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Sepsis Population Size: 10 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
likely | unlikely (co-administration study) Comment: Compared ketamine group with the control group, there were no significant difference for AUC of metroprolol, omeprazole and tolbutamide, it show that the ketamine may not induce or inhibit the activity of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 enzyme |
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likely | unlikely (co-administration study) Comment: Compared ketamine group with the control group, there were no significant difference for AUC of metroprolol, omeprazole and tolbutamide, it show that the ketamine may not induce or inhibit the activity of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 enzyme |
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likely | unlikely (co-administration study) Comment: Compared ketamine group with the control group, there were no significant difference for AUC of metroprolol, omeprazole and tolbutamide, it show that the ketamine may not induce or inhibit the activity of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 enzyme |
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yes [Ki 114.5 uM] | ||||
yes [Ki 22.7 uM] | ||||
yes [Ki 225.7 uM] |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/016812Orig1s046lbl.pdf#page=12 Page: 12.0 |
yes | |||
yes | ||||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/016812Orig1s046lbl.pdf#page=12 Page: 12.0 |
yes |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Ketamine-pancuronium-narcotic technic for cardiovascular surgery in infants--a comparative study. | 1975 Nov-Dec |
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Electroencephalographic study of children during ketamine anesthesia. | 1976 |
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Effects of halothane anesthesia on the biodisposition of ketamine in rats. | 1976 Mar |
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Venodilator effects of adenosine triphosphate and sodium nitroprusside; comparisons during controlled hypotension. | 1987 Sep 1 |
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Determination of absolute configuration of ketamine enantiomers by HPLC-CD-UV technique. | 1999 |
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Cardiovascular pathology possibly associated with ketamine/xylazine anesthesia in Dutch belted rabbits. | 1999 Apr |
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Prolonged analgesic effect of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor inhibitor, in patients with chronic pain. | 1999 May |
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Anticonvulsant efficacy of N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists against convulsions induced by cocaine. | 1999 May |
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Cognitive, dissociative and psychotogenic effects of ketamine in recreational users on the night of drug use and 3 days later. | 2000 Apr |
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Ketamine potentiates cerebrocortical damage induced by the common anaesthetic agent nitrous oxide in adult rats. | 2000 Aug |
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Comparison of ketamine stereoisomers on tissue metabolic activity in an in vitro model of global cerebral ischaemia. | 2001 Apr |
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Dual effects of melatonin on barbiturate-induced narcosis in rats. | 2001 Mar 16 |
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[Ketamine--dreams and realities]. | 2002 |
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Ketamine as an adjuvant to opioids for cancer pain. | 2003 |
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Ketamine for refractory status epilepticus: a case of possible ketamine-induced neurotoxicity. | 2003 Feb |
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Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. | 2003 Nov |
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Synergistic antinociceptive effects of ketamine and morphine in the orofacial capsaicin test in the rat. | 2003 Oct |
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The neuromatrix and the epileptic brain: behavioral and learning preservation in limbic epileptic rats treated with ketamine but not acepromazine. | 2004 Feb |
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Acute effects of ketamine on memory systems and psychotic symptoms in healthy volunteers. | 2004 Jan |
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Influence of O(3)/O(2)-pneumoperitoneum as an oxidative stressor on duration of anaesthesia, loss of different reflexes and cytokine mRNA expression. | 2004 Jul |
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Peri-operative ketamine for acute post-operative pain: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review (Cochrane review). | 2005 Nov |
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Topical amitriptyline and ketamine in neuropathic pain syndromes: an open-label study. | 2005 Oct |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Intravenous Route:
The initial dose of Ketalar (ketamine hydrochloride injection) administered intravenously may range from 1 mg/kg to 4.5 mg/kg (0.5 to 2 mg/lb). The average amount required to produce five to ten minutes of surgical anesthesia has been 2 mg/kg (1 mg/lb).
Intramuscular Route:
The initial dose of Ketalar administered intramuscularly may range from 6.5 to 13 mg/kg (3 to 6 mg/lb). A dose of 10 mg/kg (5 mg/lb) will usually produce 12 to 25 minutes of surgical anesthesia.
Route of Administration:
Other
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25595994
Primary cultures of cortical neurons treated with ketamine (10 μM-10mM) at 3 days-in vitro (3 DIV) displayed a concentration-dependent decrease in expanded growth cones
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Sat Dec 16 17:02:39 GMT 2023
by
admin
on
Sat Dec 16 17:02:39 GMT 2023
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Record UNII |
690G0D6V8H
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C245
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CFR |
21 CFR 522.1222A
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NDF-RT |
N0000175681
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
829921
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
669318
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
812221
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
288809
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WHO-VATC |
QN01AX03
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
1.1.2
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
883122
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DEA NO. |
7285
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
922622
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NDF-RT |
N0000175975
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WHO-ATC |
N01AX03
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LIVERTOX |
NBK548337
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
840821
Created by
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Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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2180
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PRIMARY | |||
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2156
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PRIMARY | |||
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DB01221
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PRIMARY | |||
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3821
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PRIMARY | |||
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100000082867
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PRIMARY | |||
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SUB08365MIG
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PRIMARY | |||
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1523
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PRIMARY | |||
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70151
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PRIMARY | |||
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6740-88-1
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CHEMBL742
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PRIMARY | |||
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229-804-1
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PRIMARY | |||
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33643-45-7
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SUPERSEDED | |||
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100477-72-3
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4233
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PRIMARY | |||
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690G0D6V8H
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PRIMARY | |||
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6130
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PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
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6121
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PRIMARY | |||
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690G0D6V8H
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PRIMARY | |||
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79499-51-7
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SUPERSEDED | |||
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C61797
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PRIMARY | |||
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D007649
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PRIMARY | |||
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Ketamine
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DTXSID8023187
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m6613
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PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
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KETAMINE
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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ENANTIOMER -> RACEMATE |
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PRECURSOR->PARENT |
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BINDER->LIGAND |
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TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR | |||
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ENANTIOMER -> RACEMATE |
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR | |||
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
Channel blocker
UNCOMPETITIVE
Ki
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TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
MAJOR METABOLITE IN PLASMA
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METABOLITE LESS ACTIVE -> PARENT |
NMDA receptor (rat brain) binding assay
IN-VITRO
Ki
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METABOLITE LESS ACTIVE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
NMDA receptor (rat brain) binding assay
IN-VITRO
Ki
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
MINOR
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
MAJOR METABOLITE IN PLASMA MAY BE RESPONSIBLE ANTI-DEPRESSIVE ACTIVITY.
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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