Bendazac, (1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl-oxy)-acetic acid, is structurally related to indomethacin. Its lysine salt has been reported to be absorbed better than the parent compound. It is applied topically as bendazac lysine 0.5% (wt/vol) aqueous solution for delaying the progression of cataract. Topical application of bendazac is associated with transient burning sensation. It reduces the secretion of the skin ulcer surface, promotes skin formation and accelerates tissue repair.

Cinnarizine is a piperazine derivative with antihistaminic, antiserotonergic, antidopaminergic, and calcium channel-blocking activities. It inhibits calcium translocation across the vestibular sensory cells in the ampullae and maintains endolymph flow by preventing constriction of the stria vascularis. It is currently used for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, and vertigo caused by Meniere’s disease and other vestibular disorders. Cinnarizine is also used for prevention and treatment of motion sickness. Chronic use of cinnarizine may induce extrapyramidal symptoms.

Methoxychlor is a contact and stomach insecticide effective against a wide range of pests encountered in agriculture, households, and ornamental plantings. It was registered for use on fruits, vegetables, forage crops and on shade trees. Methoxychlor was also registered for veterinary use as a poison to kill parasites on dairy and beef cattle. Exposure to methoxychlor may occur during its manufacture or use as a pesticide. In an acute oral study in animals, changes in the liver were reported. Dermal contact with methoxychlor is slightly irritating to the skin. The use of methoxychlor as a pesticide was banned in the United States in 2003 and in the European Union in 2002.

Alizapride is a dopamine antagonist with prokinetic and antiemetic effects used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting, including postoperative nausea and vomiting. The anti-emetic action of Alizapride is due to its antagonist activity at D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the central nervous system (CNS)—this action prevents nausea and vomiting triggered by most stimuli. Structurally similar to metoclopramide and, therefore, shares similar other attributes related to emesis and prokinetics.

Warfarin, (R)- is R-enantiomer of warfarin, an oral anticoagulant, with relatively low potency compared to S-enantiomer. Clinically available warfarin is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-warfarin, and the (S)-enantiomer has 3 to 5 times greater anticoagulation potency than its optical congener. Both enantiomers are eliminated extensively via hepatic metabolism with low clearance relative to hepatic blood flow. The scientific debate on the contribution of the R- Warfarin -to-S- Warfarin effect is a long and conflictual story. It has shown that the pharmacodynamic response to (R/S)-Warfarin 25 mg (a mixture of equal amounts of S-Warfarin and R- Warfarin) was nearly twice that of S-Warfarin 12.5 mg given alone, thus indicating the substantial contribution of R-Warfarin to the (R/S)-Warfarin effect. (R/S)-Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, and pulmonary embolism. It is also indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of the thromboembolic complications associated with atrial fibrillation and/or cardiac valve replacement. Warfarin is thought to interfere with clotting factor synthesis by inhibition of the C1 subunit of the vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) enzyme complex, thereby reducing the regeneration of vitamin K1 epoxide.

Nicorandil is a derivative of the niacinamide that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It provides a dual mode of action leading to relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Nicorandil is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase. Nicorandil has a direct effect on coronary arteries without leading to a steal phenomenon. The overall action improves blood flow to post-stenotic regions and the oxygen balance in the myocardium.

Benperidol is a relatively old antipsychotic drug that has been marketed since 1966. It has been used in Germany for 30 years, but is also available in Belgium, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK. Benperidol is a drug which is a highly potent butyrophenone derivative. It is the most potent neuroleptic on the European market, with chlorpromazine equivalency as high as 75 to 100 (about 150 to 200% potency in terms of dose compared to haloperidol). Benperidol was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1961. Benperidol is a potent dopamine receptor antagonist, with a high affinity for the D2-sites. The antipsychotic effects of this drug are primarily due to blockade of the D receptors. In terms of D receptor blockade, benperidol is one of the most potent antipsychotic agents, being approximately eight times more potent than haloperidol. Benperidol also acts as a dopamine antagonist in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, giving rise to antiemetic properties. It is also a weak antagonist at muscarinic, histamine H1, and alpha1-adrenoceptors. Adverse effects include extrapyramidal side effects and tardive dykinesia

Sulfalene (INN, USAN) or Sulfametopyrazine (BAN) is a long-acting sulfonamide antibiotic used for the treatment of chronic bronchitis, urinary tract infections, and malaria. Sulfametopyrazine, by virtue of a long half-life, achieves peak blood levels of 120 mkg/ml or more which fall to around 30-50 mkg/ml one week after a single oral dose of 2 g. Long-term administration of this drug in the treatment of leprosy for up to 3 years has been accomplished without serious unwanted effects

Coumaphos is an organophosphate insecticide used against ectoparasites. It was approved by FDA for the control of gastrointestinal roundworms in cattle (Purina brand name). It was also used in medicated feed against internal parasites (Ascaidia galli, Capilleria obsignata and Heterakis gallinarum) in layer chickens (Meldane brand name). However, coumaphos is highly toxic to birds. Sever acute toxicity and eventual death were caused in hens after they were given oral doses of 10mg/kg for 1-8 days.The oral LD50 for coumaphos is 3mg/kg in wildbirds, 29.4mg/kg in mallard ducks, 7.94mg/kg in pheasants and 14mg/kg in chicken. Due to its toxicity, coumaphos is no longer available as a drug.

BUTETHAMINE, an ester of the para-aminobenzoic acid, is a local anesthetic formerly used in dentistry. It has diminished toxicity and increased the speed of action as compared with procaine.