DISPERSE BLUE 106 is a dark blue textile dye found in synthetic fabrics. It is a human allergen and a common cause of textile dye dermatitis. DISPERSE BLUE 106 was shown to be one of the strongest clothing dye sensitizers to date.

N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (Sulfenax® CBS) is used in rubber industry in processing of natural and synthetic rubber in rubber compounds as a fast accelerator of vulcanization with delayed action. N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide is a chemical allergen. It is used for diagnosis of contact allergy. It is a component of Mercapto Mix, used in the epicutaneous patch test, called T.R.U.E. TEST, approved by FDA in 1994. T.R.U.E. TEST is indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis in persons 18 years of age and older whose history suggests sensitivity to one or more of the 35 substances included on the T.R.U.E. TEST panels.

Methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN) is a bromine-containing preservative that has been used in cosmetic and toiletry preparations as well as in some industrial products. A maximum concentration of 0.1% MDBGN in stay-on and rinse-off cosmetics was approved for use in the mid 1980’s and animal tests showed it to be a weak sensitiser compared to other preservatives used at the time. By the 1990’s it became a commonly used preservative, particularly in cosmetic and self-hygiene products. However, methyldibromo glutaronitrile was soon discovered to cause allergic contact dermatitis reactions in eczema patients. Rates of sensitisation to MDBGN increased from 0.7% in 1991 to 3.5% in 2000 in patch test studies from 16 European centres. In the United States, sensitivity rates were up to 11.7%. In 2005, the European Union, banned the use of MDBGN in stay-on products, and then later in 2007 also in rinse-off products. Recent data from Europe observed a significant decrease in positive patch test reactions since the ban of MDBGN.

Tixocortol is a synthetic steroid with topical anti-inflammatory properties. In form of Tixocortol pivalate, also known as Pivalone, it is used to treat the inflammatory and allergic manifestations of the rhino-pharynx: allergic rhinitis, acute and chronic congestive rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis. In addition, it has been shown to be a useful agent for assessing corticosteroid contact dermatitis, particularly for hydrocortisone-type derivatives. Labeled adverse effects are: itchy nose, dryness of the nasal mucosa, edema of the face mucosa, cataract, glaucoma, Cushing syndrome, skin thinning.

Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone found in Tanacetum that exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities. Parthenolide acts as a partial agonist at transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels and desensitizes them, preventing release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Additionally, parthenolide inhibits ATPase activity of NLRP3 and protease activity of caspase 1. In multiple myeloma cells, parthenolide decreases expression of NF-κB, VEGF, and IL-6 and increases expression of IκB kinase, inhibiting cell migration and tubule formation. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, parthenolide decreases levels of MCL-1 and increases levels of MAIP-1, triggering ER stress and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In breast cancer cells, this compound activates NADPH oxidase and increases ROS generation, increasing levels of p-JNK and downregulating NF-κB, VEGF, and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2/9); in vivo, parthenolide inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Parthenolide has being shown to have agonistic activity against adiponectin receptor 2. Parthenolide is in phase I clinical trials by Ashbury Biologicals for the treatment of cancer. However, there is no recent report of this research.

Thiram is a pesticide, It is used as a fungicide, ectoparasiticide to prevent fungal diseases in seed and crops. It is also used as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents and deer. Thiram belongs to the ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) chemical class. It is available as dust, flowable, wettable powder, water dispersible granules, and water suspension formulations and in mixtures with other fungicides. Thiram has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap. Thiram is a skin sensitizer. It is moderately toxic by ingestion, but it is highly toxic if inhaled. Acute exposure in humans may cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal complaints. In rats and mice, large doses of thiram produced muscle incoordination, hyperactivity followed by inactivity, loss of muscular tone, labored breathing, convulsions and death.

Zinc dithiocarbamate is a chemical compound, used in a polymer industry as a vulcanization accelerator. In medicine, dithiocarbamates of zinc and other metals were found to inhibit proteasome and NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Zinc dithiocarbamate is known allergen, it is a component of an approved patch test used to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis.

p-Phenylenediamine is one of the simplest aromatic diamine primarily used as a component of engineering polymers, composites, dye intermediate and as a hair dye. p-Phenylenediamine is easily oxidized, and for this reason derivatives of p-Phenylenediamine are used as antiozonants in the production of rubber products. The substituents, naphthyl, isopropyl etc. affect the effectiveness of their antioxidant roles as well as their properties as skin irritants. Acute (short-term) exposure to high levels of p-phenylenediamine may cause severe dermatitis, eye irritation and asthma, gastritis, renal failure, vertigo, tremors, convulsions, and coma in humans. Eczematoid contact dermatitis may result from chronic (long-term) exposure in humans. In rats and mice chronically exposed to p-phenylenediamine in their diet, depressed body weights, but no other clinical signs of toxicity were observed in several studies. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of p-phenylenediamine in humans. EPA has not classified p-phenylenediamine with respect to carcinogenicity.

Benzylparaben (BzP), a type of parabens being used as a preservative agent in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical products. It is an allergic compound, which was shown to fit well into the agonist pocket of human estrogen receptor α (hERα).

N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine is used as an antioxidant and/or stabilizer for rubber, petroleum oils and feedstuffs. It is also used as a polymerization inhibitor and a retardant against copper degradation. It is a chemical intermediate to make dyes, drugs, plastics and detergent additives.