p-Phenylenediamine is one of the simplest aromatic diamine primarily used as a component of engineering polymers, composites, dye intermediate and as a hair dye. p-Phenylenediamine is easily oxidized, and for this reason derivatives of p-Phenylenediamine are used as antiozonants in the production of rubber products. The substituents, naphthyl, isopropyl etc. affect the effectiveness of their antioxidant roles as well as their properties as skin irritants. Acute (short-term) exposure to high levels of p-phenylenediamine may cause severe dermatitis, eye irritation and asthma, gastritis, renal failure, vertigo, tremors, convulsions, and coma in humans. Eczematoid contact dermatitis may result from chronic (long-term) exposure in humans. In rats and mice chronically exposed to p-phenylenediamine in their diet, depressed body weights, but no other clinical signs of toxicity were observed in several studies. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of p-phenylenediamine in humans. EPA has not classified p-phenylenediamine with respect to carcinogenicity.

Benzylparaben (BzP), a type of parabens being used as a preservative agent in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical products. It is an allergic compound, which was shown to fit well into the agonist pocket of human estrogen receptor α (hERα).

N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine is used as an antioxidant and/or stabilizer for rubber, petroleum oils and feedstuffs. It is also used as a polymerization inhibitor and a retardant against copper degradation. It is a chemical intermediate to make dyes, drugs, plastics and detergent additives.

Morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole is a chemical allergen, it is used in the vulcanization of rubber. It is used for diagnosis of contact allergy. It is a component of Mercapto Mix, used in the epicutaneous patch test, called T.R.U.E. TEST, approved by FDA in 1994. T.R.U.E. TEST is indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis in persons 18 years of age and older whose history suggests sensitivity to one or more of the 35 substances included on the T.R.U.E. TEST panels.

Diphenylguanidine (DPG) has been used as a primary and secondary accelerator in the vulcanization of rubber. Exposure to DPG may occur as a result of dermal contact during rubber manufacture or from contact with the finished products. DPG is poorly absorbed through skin. It can be found in latex gloves and other rubber products found in homes and offices. Diphenylguanidine is a standardized chemical allergen. It is used for diagnosis of contact allergy. It is a component of Carba Mix, used in the epicutaneous patch test, called T.R.U.E. TEST, approved by FDA in 1994. T.R.U.E. TEST is indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis in persons 18 years of age and older whose history suggests sensitivity to one or more of the 35 substances included on the T.R.U.E. TEST panels.

Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM) is used as a secondary accelerator and activator in the processing of natural and butyl rubbers. It is used as a fungicide, and insecticide.

2,2'-dithiobisbenzothiazole is a Standardized Chemical Allergen as labeled by US Food and Drug Administration. and can cause an allergic contact dermatitis.Its physiologic effect is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated immunity. 2,2'-dithiobis(benzothiazole) is a useful compound in the rubber industry as a vulcanization accelerator. 2,2'-dithiobis(benzothiazole) was marketed to the rubber industry under the tradename Altax(TM) by the R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. and was originally developed for safe processing of rubber compounds cured at above 142° C. 2,2'-dithiobis(benzothiazole) is widely used in compounds of all types for many major commercial applications. It may be carcinogenic for human. The mortality (1955-2005) and cancer morbidity experience (1971-2005) of a cohort of 363 male production workers exposed to MBT while employed at a chemical factory in north Wales showed a significant excess mortality for cancers of the large intestine.

Bronopol is used as a preservative in various cosmetic, pharmaceutical, toiletry and household preparations at concentrations of up to 0.1% (wt/vol) particularly because of its high activity against Gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pseudomonad. Bronopol hydrolyzes within 3 h at 60 °C and pH 8, producing formaldehyde, nitrosamines, and other molecules. Although the parent compound (bronopol) is rather short-lived in the environment, its degradation products are toxic and more persistent. The protection against the bactericidal activity of bronopol afforded by catalase or superoxide dismutase suggests that the activity stems from the aerobic interaction and the generation of active oxygen species from oxygen diffusing into the suspensions during bronopol treatment. The acute oral LD50 was 307 mg/kg for rat males and 342 mg/kg for females. Bronopol is moderately toxic by the oral route. Results from an acute dermal toxicity study while inadequate, suggest bronopol is highly toxic by the dermal route.

Quaternium-15, a preservative, is one of the most used substances and is added to several cosmetics and other industrial products. Quaternium-15 is a mixture of isomers, where the cis-form is the dominant form and where the trans-form is the minor component present as an impurity. Quaternium-15 can be found under a variety of names, most commonly those of the Dow Chemical Company: Dowicil 200 (cis isomer only), Dowicil 75 and Dowicil 100 (both a mix of cis and trans isomers). The isolated cis-compound is used primarily in cosmetic applications, with a maximum permitted concentration in the EU of 0.2%. DOWICIL 200 preservative (cis form) is used primarily as a preservative in a wide variety of personal-care and cosmetic products. It is designed to provide highly effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, especially in water-based formulations. It is used in both leave-on and rinse-off application such as baby-care products, hair-care products, lotions, powders, and creams. The mixed product (cis- and trans-) is used in a wider range of formulations such as: emulsifiable metal-cutting fluids; latex and emulsion paints; liquid floor polishes and floor waxes; glues and adhesives. Recently, the cis-form has been classified as a CMR substance with the classification toxic to reproduction, category 3. This classification only concerns the cis-isomer:

Clove oil is a natural product, derived from the Eugenia caryophyllata tree. Clove oil is 85 to 95% eugenol. Isoeugenol and methyleugenol make up 5 to 15% of the remaining ingredients. Isoeugenol is manufactured from eugenol by a process of isomerization. Isoeugenol have been used in foods and eugenol has been used in animal feeds. Isoeugenol is used as a fish anesthetic. The mechanism of action of isoeugenol in fish has not been determined. It is hypothesised that its effects are mediated via receptors controlling cellular ion channels in a similar way to that described for local anaesthetics. Reports of adverse reactions involving the use of isoeugenol in humans are primarily confined to incidents of contact sensitization or allergy following dermal exposure.