Alminoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the phenylpropionic acid class. It has anti-inflammatory properties different from the classical NSAID. Alminoprofen possesses both antiphospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and anti-cycloxygenase (COX) activity.

Benzyl mandelate is of comparatively low toxicity on the one hand and is pharmacologically effective on the other hand. The most important pharmacological action of the drug is on smooth muscle. Benzyl mandelate has been used for its antispasmodic actions. It has also been included in preparations with analgesics in an attempt to increase the analgesic effect. Drugs with benzyl maleate were indicated for the angina prevention and for pain condition treatment.

Dipyrone, also known as Metamizole (INN), is an ampyrone sulfonate analgesic, antispasmodic and antipyretic. It was withdrawn from US market in 1977 on the basis of reports of agranulocytosis. Depyrone is still used to treat severe and diffucult for relieving pains of different origin; headache, tooth-ache, pains in the joints, muscles, following traumas and operations, gall and kidney colics, neurites, neuralgias, traumatic cerebrasthenia; inflammation of upper respiratory ways of microbial or virus origin; chorea; febrile states. Mechanism of action of dipyrone is complex. It is believed that dipyrone exerts its action by inhibiting COX-3, and activates opioid and cannabioid systems either itself, or by products of its metabolic degradation.

Nicoboxil is a nicotinate used in topical preparations as a rubefacient which has vasodilating properties mediated by prostaglandin. Nicoboxil is a component of finalgon® (nonivamid and nicoboxil), a topical cream for joint and muscle pains. The hyperaemic effect of Nicoboxil has an earlier onset and it is more intense than the nonivamide hyperaemic effect.

Thiobutabarbital is a barbiturate derivative invented in the 1950s. It has sedative, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects, it is used in veterinary medicine for induction in surgical anaesthesia. Thiobutabarbital was formerly used as anesthetic Inactin. ‘Inactin’ (sodium thiobutabarbital) produces smooth induction of anaesthesia after intravenous administration and has a prolonged duration of action. It has variable analgesic activity.

Lornoxicam (Xefo®) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the oxicam class with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. It differs from other oxicam compounds in its potent inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis, a property that explains the particularly pronounced efficacy of the drug. The inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) by lornoxicam (Xefo®) leads to desensitisation of peripheral nociceptors and consequently inhibition of inflammation. A central effect on nociception which seems to be independent of anti-inflammatory effects has also been suggested.

Clonixin is a nonsteroidal agent. It is an anilino-nicotinic acid derivative. It is a drug of anti-inflammatory antipyretic and analgesic activity that produces minor digestive side-effects. At high concentrations, clonixin inhibited PGE2 formed by COX-2 and partly by COX-1 activity. The drug is indicated for the relief of headaches, muscle aches, joint, dental, ear, dysmenorrhea, post-traumatic, post-surgical, gynecological. Adverse effects are occasionally nausea, dizziness, and somnolence, were mild and transient. On rare occasions, and administering high doses, it is possible the appearance of dry mouth or constipation. Concomitant use of anticholinergic drugs to be avoided by the possibility that they enhance their effects atropine.

BUTETHAMINE, an ester of the para-aminobenzoic acid, is a local anesthetic formerly used in dentistry. It has diminished toxicity and increased the speed of action as compared with procaine.

Tannic acid (TA) is a naturally occurring plant-derived polyphenol found in several herbaceous and woody plants, wines and a broad selection of teas. TA has strong antioxidant/free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral/bacterial, and anti-carcinogenic properties. The neuroprotective effects of TA against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been shown in several in vitro and in vivo models of AD. Evidence suggests that TA is a natural inhibitor of β-secretase (BACE1) activity and protein expression. BACE1 is the primary enzyme responsible for the production and deposition of Aβ peptide. TA can also inhibit the in vitro aggregation of tau peptide, a core component of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). In addition, combination of tannic acid with eucalyptus Oil and Allantoin (from Comfrey) is known as homeopathic product which is used to temporarily relieve the aches and pains of muscles and joints associated with: arthritis, simple backache, strains, bruises, sprains.

Nabiximols (USAN, trade name Sativex) is a specific extract of Cannabis that was approved as a botanical drug in the United Kingdom in 2010 as a mouth spray to alleviate neuropathic pain, spasticity, overactive bladder, and other symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Nabiximols is an oromucosal spray of a formulated extract of the cannabis sativa plant that contains the principal cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) as well as specific minor cannabinoids and other non-cannabinoid components. THC is a partial agonist and can block activation by other ligands of both cannabinoid receptors (CBR). THC effects include analgesia, short-term memory loss, muscle relaxation, antiemesis, appetite stimulation, and anti-inflammatory activity. CBD acts on CBR and TRPV1, while also inhibiting reuptake and hydrolysis of anandamide N-arachidonylethanolamine (AEA). CBD effects include anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-psychotic activity. CBD modulates some of the more undesirable psychological adverse effects of THC through both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects. Each 100 μl spray contains: 2.7 mg of THC and 2.5 mg of CBD. Nabiximols was approved in other European countries and Canada.