4JOINTZ- eucalyptus oil, tannic acid, allantoin cream: use only as directed. Aadults & children 12 years and older: massage gently into affected joints apply three (3) times daily for optimal results

An in vitro gas production technique, using rumen fluid from four Kacang x Boer crossbred adult goats was used to study the effects of commercial tannic acid (TA, a hydrolysable tannin) on methanogenesis, fatty acid composition and biohydrogenation (BH) of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the rumen. Treatments were control (CON, 50% alfalfa hay (AH) + 50% concentrate), 25mg TA/250mg DM (LTA, low TA) and 50mg TA/250mg DM (HTA, High TA) were mixed with 30 mL of buffered rumen fluid and were incubated for 24 h. The study revealed that TA supplementation had no negative effect on rumen fermentation parameters such as pH, NH3N, acetic/propionic ratio and total volatile fatty acid (tVFA). Methane (CH4) production (mL/250mg DM) decreased (P<0.05) with increasing levels of TA. Greatest CH4 reduction (%) was recorded for MTA (20.30 %) and LTA (13.00 %) compared with CON. The addition of TA in vitro reduced rumen methanogenesis without negative effect of rumen fermentation characteristic.