The NSAID clometacin is an indometacin derivative. Clometacin is an analgesic drug that binds to human serum albumin (HSA) and inhibits the binding of indomethacin, warfarin, clofibrate and salicylic acid to HSA. Clometacin (DUPERAN) was approved in France in 1977. All preparations containing clometacin were withdrawn in 1987 due to their hepatotoxicity.

Vedaprofen is a PGE2 synthase inhibitor approved in Europe for the treatment of pain in horses and dogs.

Cilnidipine (FRC-8653) is a dihydropyridine (DHP) type of calcium channel antagonist. The L-type Ca2+ channel blockade by cilnidipine affects predominantly vascular smooth muscle, thereby producing vasodilation of peripheral resistance vessels and coronary arteries. The blockade of N-type Ca2+ channels affects predominantly peripheral nerve endings of sympathetic neurons, thereby dilating blood vessels by lowering plasma catecholamine levels. Furthermore, renoprotective and neuroprotective effects as well as cardioprotective action of cilnidipine have been demonstrated in clinical practice or animal examinations. Cilnidipine was originated by Fuji & Rebio Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and developed jointly with Ajinomoto for the treatment of hypertension. Cilnidipine has been launched in Japan.

Bucetin [(3-hydroxy-p-butyrophenetidide) CAS: 1083-57-4) is a homologue to phenacetin and is used instead of phenacetin as an analgesic drug because of its lower toxicity than that of phenacetin, despite having equivalent analgesic activity when used at an appropriate dose. Dysplastic lesions of the proximal tubules were frequently seen in the males given bucetin in a dose-related fashion.

Dipipanone are indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain in medical and surgical conditions in which morphine may be indicated. Dipipanone is related to methadone and can be substituted for assorted opioids. The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Dipipanone, which give rise to further complications, include hypotension, hypotension, hependence, agranulocytosis, ischemic colitis, generalized chorea, hypersensitivity hepatitis. It may interact badly with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, which are substances found in some antidepressants and other medication.

Bumecaine (Pyromecaine) is a local anesthetic and anti-arrhythmic drug. It is indicated as an agent for superficial anesthesia during medical and diagnostic procedures in dentistry, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, surgery, bronchology, gastroenterology, urology. The experiments on the isolated neurons in the rat spinal ganglions have shown that interaction of pyromecaine with inactivated Na+ channels makes a considerable contribution to the blocking effect of anesthesia. Oral administration of pyromecaine pills considerably depresses platelet aggregation and even causes platelet disaggregation. Possible side effects are: general weakness, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, fainting, a drop in blood pressure. Quinidine increases the risk of side effects.

Prifinium bromide is antimuscarinic drug, which has antispasmodic, antiemetic effect. Prifinium bromideis approved for pain relief in Russia, Indonesia, Iraq, Tunisia and other countries.

Propacetamol is a bioprecursor of paracetamol. It is rapidly hydrolyzed by plasma esterases and releases its constituent paracetamol by the end of its intravenous or intramuscular administration. Its metabolism is identical to that of paracetamol. It is used in post-operative care and is delivered by I.V. It is given if the patient is unable to take oral or rectally delivered paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are contraindicated. The onset of analgaesia from propacetamol is more rapid than paracetamol given orally. 2 g of propacetamol are equivalent to 1g of paracetamol.

Dextromoramide is a synthetic strong-acting opioid and full mu-opioid receptor agonist. Dextromoramide is a Schedule I drug illegal to possess. The current indication for Palfium® (dextromoramide) is severe acute or chronic pain requiring opioids, such as post-operative pain, and pain associated with bone fractures, malignancies and acute renal/biliary colic attacks in adults.

Simetride is a non-narcotic analgesic, it is an ingredient of Kyorin AP2 (a combination of Simetride and Anhydrous Caffeine (40:1)) in Japan. Kyorin AP2 is used to treat low back pain, symptomatic neuralgia, headache, menstrual pain, pharyngalgia/earache due to inflammation, toothache, postoperative pain.