Parethoxycaine (Intracaine) is an ester series local anesthetic agent. It has been used by topical application mainly for mouth and throat.

Isobutamben is a local anaesthetic agent, used for surgery and dental procedures. The drug was marketed under the name Cycloform, however its current marketing status is unknown and supposed to be "withdrawn".

Natural bicyclic sesquiterpenes, β‐caryophyllene (BCP) and β‐caryophyllene oxide (BCPO), are present in a large number of plants worldwide. Both BCP and BCPO possess significant anticancer activities, affecting growth and proliferation of numerous cancer cells. BCP is a phytocannabinoid with strong affinity to cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2 ), but not cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1 ). In opposite, BCP oxidation derivative, BCPO, does not exhibit CB1/2 binding, thus the mechanism of its action is not related to endocannabinoid system (ECS) machinery. It is known that BCPO alters several key pathways for cancer development, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1 and STAT3 pathways. In addition, treatment with this compound reduces the expression of procancer genes/proteins, while increases the levels of those with proapoptotic properties. Either as a pure substance or a component of plant essential oils, BCPO was found to exhibit antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, and analgesic properties. β-caryophyllene oxide evidenced potent cytotoxic activity against HepG2, AGS, HeLa, SNU-1, and SNU-16 cells, with IC50 values of 3.95, 12.6, 13.55, 16.79, and 27.39 uM, respectively.

Domitor (medetomidine hydrochloride) is indicated for use in dogs: for restraint, sedation and analgesia associated with clinical examinations and procedures, minor surgery, pre-anaesthesia and as a premedicant before thiopentone-halothane general a naesthesiaand as a premedicant before general anaesthesia with propofol. In combination with butorphanol for sedation and analgesia, and as a premedicant prior to thiopentone anaesthesia. In cats: for restraint and sedation. Medetomidine is a potent and highly selective alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist with both central and peripheral activity, and acting both presynaptically and postsynaptically. Its primary effects are sedative and analgesic resulting from its central depressant activity. It has no local anaesthetic properties. Like other compounds of its class there are secondary effects, including bradycardia. Blood pressure is increased but then returns to normal or just below. Body temperature is decreased in a dose dependent manner and intestinal motility is also reduced. The drug has been developed by Orion Pharma. It is currently approved for dogs in the United States, and distributed in the United States by Pfizer Animal Health and by Novartis Animal Health in Canada under the product name Domitor. The marketed product is a racemic mixture of two stereoisomers; dexmedetomidine is the isomer with more useful effects, and is now marketed as Dexdomitor.

Alfaxalone is a rapidly acting hydrophobic synthetic neurosteroid. It is indicated for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia and for induction of anesthesia followed by maintenance with an inhalant anesthetic, in cats and dogs. Alfaxalone induces anaesthesia through activity at the gamma amino butyric acid sub-type A receptor (GABAA) present on cells in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Alfaxalone enhances the effects of GABA at the GABAA receptors resulting in opening of channels into the cells and an influx of chloride ions. This causes hyperpolarisation of the cells and inhibition of neural impulse transmission. Alfaxalone can be safely combined with premedicants (xylazine, (dex)medetomidine, acepromazine, midazolam), opioids (morphine, methadone, hydromorphone, butorphanol, nalbuphine, buprenorphine, fentanyl), and NSAIDs. Alfaxalone’s adverse reactions are: hypotension, tachycardia, apnea, hypertension, bradypnea and others.

Brilliant Blue is an organic compound classified as a blue triarylmethane dye. It is coal tar derivative food dye; used as the di-NH4 or di-Na salts. Coloring agent. Brilliant Blue FCF, has been used in foods in the US since 1929. This color adds a distinctive, bright blue hue to beverages, beverage powders, dairy products, baked goods, dessert powders, confections, condiments, icings, syrups, jams, jellies, marmalades, liqueurs, extracts, dairy fats and oil, meat, seafood, snacks, dry mixes and seasonings, fruit preparations, convenient food, and flavors. Both the diammonium and disodium salts of FD&C Blue No. 1 are used. The disodium salt is used in foods, while the diammonium salt has limited usage in drugs and cosmetics.

Tetrapeptide-15 (Endomorphin-2) is an endogenous agonist at μ-opioid receptors (μORs) in the spinal cord; it exhibits antinociceptive/analgesic, immunosuppressive, and pro-angiogenic activities. Endomorphin-2 increases pain thresholds in animal models of thermal pain and inhibits the formation of antibodies in other cellular models. In HUVECs, this peptide stimulates proliferation, migration, adhesion, and tube formation.

Citronellal is one of the main constituents of the essential oil from lemongrass (Cymbopogon). Citronellal is a major isolate from Cymbopogon plants, lemon-scented gum, and lemon-scented tea tree. Citronellal is a well-known plant-derived mosquito repellent. In addition, citronellal is very effective repellent against Sitophilus zeamais. Citronellal showed anticandidal activity against C. albicans and non-albicans species of Candida. Citronellal is effective as an analgesic compound in various rodent pain models, with its action probably mediated by the inhibition of peripheral mediators as well as central inhibitory mechanisms that could be related to its strong antioxidant effect observed in vitro.

Citronellol or beta-citronellol is a naturally occurring monoterpene compound prevalent in essential oils of various aromatic plant species, such as Cymbopogon citratus. This compound is considered FDA as safe (GRAS) for food use. Citronellol was studied as an analgesic compound in various pain models and its action was mediated by the inhibition of peripheral mediators as well as central inhibitory mechanisms that could be related to its strong antioxidant effect observed in vitro. Citronellol also was used to control T rubrum growth, a dermatophytic fungus. The anti-hyperalgesic effect of citronellol was also studied and was shown, that this effect was achieved through the spinal cord lamina I inhibition.

Xylazine was developed as an antihypertensive agent. During clinical studies in people xylazine was found to have excessive central nervous system depressant effects and it was subsequently introduced for veterinary use as a sedative, analgesic and relaxant. Xylazine is a potent alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. Xylazine in horses and Cervidae may occasionally cause slight muscle tremors, bradycardia with partial A-V heart block and a reduced respiratory rate. Movement in response to sharp auditory stimuli may be observed.