XYLAZINE

First approved in 2006

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C12H16N2S
Molecular Weight	220.334
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1NC2=NCCCS2

InChI

InChIKey=BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C12H16N2S/c1-9-5-3-6-10(2)11(9)14-12-13-7-4-8-15-12/h3,5-6H,4,7-8H2,1-2H3,(H,13,14)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Xylazine%20TR.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3062194 | http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Maximum_Residue_Limits_-_Report/2009/11/WC500015345.pdf | https://www.drugs.com/vet/rompun-xylazine-100-mg-ml-injectable.html

Xylazine was developed as an antihypertensive agent. During clinical studies in people xylazine was found to have excessive central nervous system depressant effects and it was subsequently introduced for veterinary use as a sedative, analgesic and relaxant. Xylazine is a potent alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. Xylazine in horses and Cervidae may occasionally cause slight muscle tremors, bradycardia with partial A-V heart block and a reduced respiratory rate. Movement in response to sharp auditory stimuli may be observed.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 113 Target ID: CHEMBL2095158 Sources: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Maximum_Residue_Limits_-_Report/2009/11/WC500015345.pdf \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3062194	Agonist 2678
Sigma opioid receptor 63 Target ID: CHEMBL3602 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6113017	Antagonist 2778	9.5 µM [IC50]
Mu opioid receptor 221 Target ID: CHEMBL270 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6113017	Antagonist 2778	9.0 µM [IC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Pain 614 Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=afde1f44-4529-4d43-b1da-e9965b31c64c	Primary		Approved 8429	Rompun Approved Use Rompun™ (xylazine) should be used in horses and Cervidae when it is desirable to produce a state of sedation accompanied by a shorter period of analgesia. Launch Date 1995
Anxiety 267 Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=afde1f44-4529-4d43-b1da-e9965b31c64c	Primary		Approved 8429	Rompun Approved Use Rompun™ (xylazine) should be used in horses and Cervidae when it is desirable to produce a state of sedation accompanied by a shorter period of analgesia. Launch Date 1995

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Cardiovascular pathology possibly associated with ketamine/xylazine anesthesia in Dutch belted rabbits.	1999 Apr	10331545
Effects of P5, a novel oxazolo(3,2-a)pyridine derivative with a long-acting antihypertensive activity, on different agonist-mediated pressor responses in pithed rats.	2001 Apr	11679017
Comparisons of the effects of anesthesia and stress on release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, and nitric oxide in adult male rats.	2001 Apr	11368420
The effect of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases on monensin-sulfadimidine interactions in broilers.	2001 Feb	11348489
Results of cystometry and urethral pressure profilometry in dogs sedated with medetomidine or xylazine.	2001 Feb	11212021
Hypotensive infarction of the spinal cord in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).	2001 Jan	11199156
A novel anaesthetic regimen for surgical procedures in guineapigs.	2001 Jul	11459413
Prejunctional actions of methylenedioxymethamphetamine in vas deferens from wild-type and alpha(2A/D)-adrenoceptor knockout mice.	2001 Jul 6	11448488
The reversal of xylazine hydrochloride by yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine in goats.	2001 Jun	11513261
Antiparkinsonian agent piribedil displays antagonist properties at native, rat, and cloned, human alpha(2)-adrenoceptors: cellular and functional characterization.	2001 Jun	11356907
The effect of chronic cocaine administration on hemodynamic stability and neurohumoral mediators during isoflurane anesthesia and shock in rats.	2001 Mar	11207477
Treatment of hypoxemia during xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam immobilization of wapiti.	2001 Nov	11708204
Focal synchronization of ripples (80-200 Hz) in neocortex and their neuronal correlates.	2001 Oct	11600648
Effects of propofol as an anaesthetic agent in adult lions (Panthera leo): a comparison with two established protocols.	2002 Apr	12027594
Anesthesia affects the disposition of [18F]fluoro-A-85380: a PET study in monkeys.	2002 Apr	11842447
The induction of hyperthermia in rabbit liver by means of duplex stainless steel thermoseeds.	2002 Apr-Jun	12087199
Evaluation of anesthesia effects in a rat animal model using otoacoustic emission protocols.	2002 Aug	12208537
Measurements of tumor tissue oxygen tension using a time-resolved luminescence-based optical oxylite probe: comparison with a paired survival assay.	2002 Aug	12105986
Xylazine-induced attenuation of dorsal displacement of the soft palate associated with epiglottic dysfunction in a horse.	2002 Aug 1	12164538
Effects of Anethum graveolens L. seed extracts on experimental gastric irritation models in mice.	2002 Dec 19	12493079
Spatial buffering during slow and paroxysmal sleep oscillations in cortical networks of glial cells in vivo.	2002 Feb 1	11826133
Colonoscopy in mice.	2002 Jan	11961598
Assessing the emetic potential of PDE4 inhibitors in rats.	2002 Jan	11786486
Differential effects of anesthetics on mitochondrial K(ATP) channel activity and cardiomyocyte protection.	2002 Jul	12131099
Investigation of neurotransmission in vas deferens from alpha(2A/D)-adrenoceptor knockout mice.	2002 Jul	12110610
Impact of anesthesia on cardiac function during echocardiography in mice.	2002 Jun	12003821
Orthogonal polarisation spectral imaging as a new tool for the assessment of antivascular tumour treatment in vivo: a validation study.	2002 May 20	12085213
Arthroscopic removal of dorsoproximal chip fractures of the proximal phalanx in standing horses.	2002 May-Jun	11994846

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Horse Dosage: Intravenously–0.5 mL/100 lbs body weight (0.5 mg/lb) Intramuscularly–1.0 mL/100 lbs body weight (1.0 mg/lb)

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

GLP-compliant studies on mutagenicity included Salmonella-microsomal assay with and without metabolic activation (0.4 to 12 mg of Xylazine on plate, with and without metabolic activation), mammalian forward point mutation assay (HPRT locus) in Chinese hamster lung cells (V79) (2 to 40 ug of Xylazine per ml, with metabolic activation and 62 to 1250 ug of Xylazine per ml, without metabolic activation). The compound to be devoid of mutagenic potential.

Name

Type

Language

XYLAZINE

Official Name

English

xylazine [INN]

Common Name

English

XYLAZINE [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

XYLAZINE [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

XYLAZINE [MART.]

Common Name

English

XYLAZINE [MI]

Common Name

English

NSC-758142

Code

English

Tranq component xylazine

Common Name

English

XYLAZINE [GREEN BOOK]

Common Name

English

5,6-Dihydro-2-(2,6-xylidino)-4H-1,3-thiazine

Systematic Name

English

CHANAZINE

Brand Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-VATC

QN05CM92