Oleanolic acid or oleanic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid. It is widely distributed in food and plants where it exists as a free acid or as an aglycone of triterpenoid saponins. Oleanolic acid protects the liver from acute chemically induced liver injury, fibrosis and cirrhosis caused by chronic liver diseases. Its possess cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines

Squalene is a naturally occurring polyprenyl compound primarily known for its key role as an intermediate in cholesterol synthesis. It received its name because of its occurrence in shark liver oil (Squalus spp.), which contains large quantities and is considered the richest source of squalene. However, it is widely distributed in nature, with reasonable amounts found in olive oil, palm oil, wheat-germ oil, amaranth oil, and rice bran oil. The primary therapeutic use of squalene currently is as an adjunctive therapy in a variety of cancers. Although epidemiological, experimental and animal evidence suggests anti-cancer properties, to date no human trials have been conducted to verify the role this nutrient might have in cancer therapy regimens.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol sodium salt (DPPG) is phosphorylglycerol acylated with palmitic acid, that can be used for the preparation of liposomes with negatively charged hydrophilic head groups.

Fenbendazole (FBZ) is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole antiparasitic drug currently approved for use in numerous animal species, including rodents. Although nematodes, and in particular pinworms, are the main endoparasites of concern in laboratory rodents, FBZ also is indicated for use in other animal species against a wide spectrum of nematodes, tapeworms, flukes, and protozoa (Giardia duodenalis, Encephalitozoon intestinalis). The molecular mode of fenbendazole action consists in
binding of beta-tubulin monomer prior to dimerisation with alfa-tubulin which blocks subsequent microtubule formation. These microtubules are important organelles involved in the motility, the division and the secretion processes of cells in all living organisms. In the worms the blocking of microtubules perturbs the uptake of glucose, which eventually empties the glycogen reserves. This blocks the whole energy management mechanism of the worms that are paralyzed and die or are expelled. FBZ have a greater binding to nematode as compared to mammalian tubulin at 37°C. The oral LD50 of p-OH fenbendazole was >10 000 mg/kg b.w. in mice and rats.

Maleic acid monosodium salt. Used in water soluble polymers preparation.

Santonic acid is an organic compound containing both carboxylic acid and ketone functionality. It is a transformation product of santonin discovered by Hvoslev in 1863, and rediscovered some ten years later by Cannizzaro and Sestini. Hvoslev had found that the action of concentrated sodium hydroxide on santonin gave rise to an acid, isomeric with santoninic acid, named santonic acid in in 1863. Biological studies indicated that a new copper(II) complex of santonic acid displays interesting potential antitumoral actions.

BI-847325 is a novel, ATP-competitive, orally available inhibitor of Aurora kinases and MEK. In in vitro studies, BI-847325 inhibited the activity of Xenopus laevis Aurora Kinase B with an IC50 of 3 nM; with IC50 values for human Aurora kinase A and Aurora kinase C being 25 and 15 nM, respectively. BI-847325 also inhibited human MEK1 and MEK2 with respective IC50 values of 25 and 4 nM. BI-847325 had been in phase I clinical trials by Boehringer Ingelheim for the treatment of solid tumours. However, there is no development reported for this study.

A naturally occurring serine derivative diazo compound with antineoplastic properties, Azaserine functions as a purine antagonist and glutamine analogue (glutamine amidotransferase inhibitor) that competitively inhibits pathways in which glutamine is metabolized. An antibiotic and antitumor agent, Azaserine was used in clinical studies as a potential antineoplastic agent. Azaserine is an inhibitor of glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Azaserine is used to model pancreatic cancer in rodents.

Nifuroxazide is a nitrofuran antibiotic used for the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea.Nifuroxazide is a potent inhibitor of Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling. It exerts antineoplastic potential both in vitro and in vivo.

Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), a pentacyclic triterpene, is a component of gum resin of Boswellia serrata. It inhibits 5-lipoxygenase in a selective, enzyme directed, non-redox, and noncompetitive manner. In addition, AKBA inhibited topoisomerase I. It induces apoptosis and exerts antineoplastic properties. 5-LOXIN, a dietary supplement ingredient (Boswellia serrata extract enriched with 30% 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid) is effective in reducing pain and improving physical functioning in osteoarthritis patients.