Deracoxib (trade name Deramaxx, Novartis) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the coxib class, used in veterinary medicine for the control of postoperative pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic and dental surgery and for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. Data indicate that deracoxib inhibits the production of PGE1 and 6-keto PGF1 by its inhibitory effects on prostaglandin biosynthesis. Deracoxib was shown to have antitumor effect against transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

L-acetylcarnitine or acet-L-carnitine, a compound, naturally produced by the body, is necessary for fatty-acid metabolism and energy production. It is often taken as a dietary supplement. The mechanisms of action of acetylcarnitine have not been fully elucidated, but it seems that the main role of acetylcarnitine is to donate an acetyl group during fatty acid metabolism to help transport fatty acids, such as acetyl CoA, into the mitochondrial matrix where fatty acid metabolism occurs. L-acetylcarnitine is an investigational drug, which is approved in some countries, for example in Italy for diabetic neuropathy. Phase IV of clinical trials have revealed, that it also effective agent to treat the Alzheimer's disease. In contrary, the efficacy of L-acetylcarnitine as a prophylaxis in migraine patients did not provide evidence of benefit for efficacy. Besides, Acetyl-L-carnitine was in clinical trial Phase III to investigate its efficacy in the treatment of peripheral sensory neuropathy that anti-cancer chemotherapeutics induce. Recently published article unexpectedly discovered that this drug increased chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in a randomized trial.

Myricetin is a member of the flavonoid class of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. It occurs naturally in a wide variety of plants. Myricetin has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-non-enzymatic glycation and anti-hyperlipidemia in a number of cellular and animal models. It has been investigated for potential therapeutic effects against cancers and diabetes.

Methylinositol is a natural product in the family of inositols. It is found in many foods as well as pine tree bark. Methylinositol is found naturally in many foods and is commercially available as an approved food supplement. Methylinositol can mediate insulin action to improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in patients with insulin resistance. It plays a positive role in regulating insulin-mediated glucose uptake in the liver through translocation and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The compound also modulates gamma-secretase to reduce A-betta production while sparing cleavage of the gamma-secretase substrate Notch. Methylinositol improves cognitive function and memory deficits in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Methylinositol was will tolerated in the population of AD subjects of varying age and severity. No serious adverse effects were detected in clinical trials. Many plant-derived compounds have excellent therapeutic potential against various human ailments. It was shown, that methylinositol mitigates tumor growth by modulating interleukins and hormones and induces apoptosis in rat breast carcinogenesis through inhibition of NF-κB.

Asiaticoside is a triterpene found in Centella that exhibits anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, antipyretic, antioxidative, pro-angiogenic, anticancer chemotherapeutic, and chemopreventive activities. Asiaticoside inhibits melanogenesis by decreasing DNA binding by MITF; as a result, it is occasionally used in skin whitening treatments. Asiaticoside induces apoptosis, increases activation of caspase 3, decreases release of TNF-α and IL-1β, and suppresses tumor development and size in animal models of breast cancer. In animal models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, asiaticoside improves memory and learning deficits and decreases levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Additionally, asiaticoside decreases LPS-induced inflammation and fever, suppresses activity of myeloperoxidase, and increases activity of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in vivo. Asiaticoside exhibits significant wound healing activity in normal as well as delayed healing models, increasing cell migration, attachment, and growth in vitro. Asiaticoside is an active ingredient of Madecassol, marketed in Korea as wound healing agent for traumatic or surgical wounds, burns, skin grafts, fistulas, abnormal retractile or decubitus scars, cutaneomucous lesions in ENT, gynaecology, ulcerous lesions in leprosy, striae distensae, cellulitis, varicose leg ulcers, haemorrhoid..

Icariin is a naturally occurring compound isolatable from several plant species within the genus Epimedium which is mostly endemic to China. Plant extracts containing icarrin have been used in traditional Chinese medicine as aphrodisiacs and to treat erectile dysfunction. Icariin has been investigated in humans as a treatment method for bipolar disorder and alcohol or cocaine abuse (Phase III). For the treatment of impotence, icariin has been shown to be a weak PDE5 inhibitor capable of enhancing the production of nitric oxide. Also related to PDE5 activity icarrin has been investigated as a potential treatment in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Icariin is sold worldwide as an over-the-counter medication for sexual performance, athletic performance, and other health benefits (it improves memory function, protects from osteoporosis, etc).

Baicalin is a flavonoid compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity extracted from Scutellarua rivularis. Limited distribution data suggest that baicalin reached several sites such as the brain, eye lens, thymus, etc. Metabolism data suggest the rapid conversion of baicalin to baicalein. Baicalin has the potential to be used in novel anti-cancer therapeutic formulations for treatment of ovarian cancer and other cancers. Baicalin markedly inhibits replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a concentration-dependent manner in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro. The preventive medication of baicalin shows a protective effect on C57 BL mouse with Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).

Kinetin (6-furfuryladenine) is a biologically active natural phytochemical. It belongs to the category of cytokinins, the natural plant growth hormones that promote cell division and play role in cell differentiation. Kinetin functions as an essential growth hormone, which can influence cell growth and differentiation. It can delay and offset aging characteristics such as cell growth rate and size. It is claimed to reduce wrinkles and improve skin texture, telangiectasia, and mottled hyperpigmentation, although there is limited information to support this.

L-Theanine is a relaxing and nondietary amino acid found pretty much exclusively in teas from Camellia sinensis (alongside green tea catechins and caffeine) and is known to promote relaxation without sedation. It appears to be effective at this as well as reducing stress at standard dosages. L-theanine was discovered as a constituent of green tea in 1949 and was approved in Japan in 1964 for unlimited use in all foods, including chocolates, soft drinks, and herb teas, except infant foods. It also provides a unique umami (brothy or savory) taste and flavor to green tea infusion. L-theanine may help relieve stress by inducing a relaxing effect without drowsiness and may also possess immunologic attributes. Theanine may also have effects on the cardiovascular system and play a preventative role in cancer; however, limited clinical information is available to support these claims. L-Theanine and its positive effects on cognitive performance is one of its most important functions. Because of chemical structure of L-Theanine similar to glutamate it can act as a neurotransmitter related to memory. In a study made on rats, it was found out that L-Theanine modulated the serotonin and dopamine levels and increased learning skills with memory. In addition, it is stated that L-Theanine increases neuro - throphine mRNA level by activating its neuro - transmitter inhibiting system and supports the central nervous system that helps the development of brain functions. L-Theanine had a positive effect on memory and had positive effects on the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer. Theanine is an antagonist of the NMDA receptors (albeit with fairly weak efficacy) and can inhibit synaptic release of glutamate via blocking the transporter competitively. Theanine may also reduce glutamate levels, but this is also a fairly weak mechanism requiring a high concentration of theanine.

Tetrapeptide-15 (Endomorphin-2) is an endogenous agonist at μ-opioid receptors (μORs) in the spinal cord; it exhibits antinociceptive/analgesic, immunosuppressive, and pro-angiogenic activities. Endomorphin-2 increases pain thresholds in animal models of thermal pain and inhibits the formation of antibodies in other cellular models. In HUVECs, this peptide stimulates proliferation, migration, adhesion, and tube formation.