Ectoine is a natural compound found in several species of bacteria, including heterotrophic, halophilic bacteria and non-halophilic bacteria such as Streptomyces species and E.coli. It serves as an osmoprotectant, protecting microorganisms from high concentrations of salts. Ectoine is used as a protective agent for E.Coli during drying and storage. In the cosmetic and drug industry, ectoine is used as an active ingredient in skin care and sun protection products, working by stabilization proteins and other cellular structures. Ectoine has a number of applications in medicine: it alleviates inflammation reactions, protects cells from damage during cryopreservation, protects against neurodegenerative diseases and from against ischemia and reperfusion injury. Ectoine-containing formulations are investigated in the clinical trials for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and other conditions.

Ursolic acid is a natural terpene compond found in a wide variety of plants but most well known for being in apple peels. Ursolic acid has a series of biological effects such as sedative, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, antiulcer, antitumor etc. Ursolic acid has been shown to target multiple proinflammatory transcription factors, cell cycle proteins, growth factors, kinases, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory enzymes. Evidences suggest that ursolic acid could be used as a potential candidate to develop a comprehensive competent strategy towards the treatment and prevention of health disorders. Although the science is preliminary, it seems to be able to reduce fat accumulation and increase muscle mass gain when in a fed state, and to induce fat burning and preserve muscle mass when in a fasted state.

Protocatechualdehyde (protocatechuic aldehyde) is a naturally occurring phenolic aldehyde that is found in barley, green cavendish bananas, grapevine leaves and root of the herb S. miltiorrhiza. There is evidence for anticancer activity of protocatechualdehyde in human colorectal cancer and breast cancer. Protocatechualdehyde leads to the inhibition of cell growth and the promotion of apoptosis through HDAC2-mediated cyclin D1 suppression in human colorectal cancer cells. In human breast cancer cells, protocatechualdehyde downregulates β-catenin and cyclin D1 through activating proteosomal degradation. The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased as a result of interaction of protocatechualdehyde with many drugs an dietary supplements (89 compounds reported).

Zinc Ascorbate can be used as a dietary supplement and as a nutrient. Zinc is an important antioxidant nutrient. It is necessary for protein synthesis, wound healing, for blood stability, normal tissue function, and aids in the digestion and metabolism of phosphorus. It also governs the contractility of muscles and maintains the body’s alkaline balance. Zinc ascorbate has superoxide dismutase-like activity and in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Zinc ascorbate may be effective for acne treatment. Zinc ascorbate inhibits the growth of P. acnes (MIC, 640 ug/mL).

Osthol is an O-methylated coumarin found in plants such as Cnidium monnieri, Angelica archangelica and Angelica pubescens which are often used in traditional eastern medicine. It is known to be a calcium channel blocker and is reported to have neuroprotective, osteogenic, immunomodulatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular protective, and antimicrobial activities.