U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C16H13ClN2O
Molecular Weight 284.74
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of DIAZEPAM

SMILES

CN1C2=C(C=C(Cl)C=C2)C(=NCC1=O)C3=CC=CC=C3

InChI

InChIKey=AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O/c1-19-14-8-7-12(17)9-13(14)16(18-10-15(19)20)11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-9H,10H2,1H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI
Molecular Formula C16H13ClN2O
Molecular Weight 284.74
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24552479

Diazepam is a benzodiazepine first discovered at Hoffman-La Roche in the late 1950s. Diazepam was approved by FDA for the treatment of anxiety disorders as well as for such conditions as skeletal muscle spasm, alcohol withdrawal syndrom and convulsions (under the most known brand Valium). The drug acts by binding to GABA-A receptors and potentiating GABA evoked current. Chronic diazepam use is associated with tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal.

CNS Activity

Originator

Hoffman-La Roche
134
Curator's Comment: # Hoffmann-La Roche

Approval Year

1963
70
Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Agonist
2678
 8.6 nM [Ki]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Approved
8429
VALIUM

Approved Use

Valium is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the shortterm relief of the symptoms of anxiety. In acute alcohol withdrawal, Valium may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis. Valium is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathology (such as inflammation of the muscles or joints, or secondary to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders (such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome. Oral Valium may be used adjunctively in convulsive disorders, although it has not proved useful as the sole therapy.

Launch Date

1963
Palliative
Approved
8429
VALIUM

Approved Use

Valium is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the shortterm relief of the symptoms of anxiety. In acute alcohol withdrawal, Valium may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis. Valium is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathology (such as inflammation of the muscles or joints, or secondary to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders (such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome. Oral Valium may be used adjunctively in convulsive disorders, although it has not proved useful as the sole therapy.

Launch Date

1963
Palliative
Approved
8429
VALIUM

Approved Use

Valium is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the shortterm relief of the symptoms of anxiety. In acute alcohol withdrawal, Valium may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis. Valium is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathology (such as inflammation of the muscles or joints, or secondary to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders (such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome. Oral Valium may be used adjunctively in convulsive disorders, although it has not proved useful as the sole therapy.

Launch Date

1963
Palliative
Approved
8429
VALIUM

Approved Use

Valium is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the shortterm relief of the symptoms of anxiety. In acute alcohol withdrawal, Valium may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis. Valium is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathology (such as inflammation of the muscles or joints, or secondary to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders (such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome. Oral Valium may be used adjunctively in convulsive disorders, although it has not proved useful as the sole therapy.

Launch Date

1963
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
317 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1505149
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
DIAZEPAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
75 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1505149
2 mg single, oral
dose: 2 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
DIAZEPAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
172 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1505149
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
DIAZEPAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
208 ng/mL
Clinical Trial
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01417078
20 mg single, intranasal
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: intranasal
experiment type: single
co-administered:
DIAZEPAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: unhealthy
age:
sex:
food status:
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
1530 ng × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1505149
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
DIAZEPAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
330 ng × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1505149
2 mg single, oral
dose: 2 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
DIAZEPAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
779 ng × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1505149
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
DIAZEPAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
1227 ng*h/mL
Clinical Trial
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01417078
20 mg single, intranasal
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: intranasal
experiment type: single
co-administered:
DIAZEPAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: unhealthy
age:
sex:
food status:
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
48 h
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf
unknown, oral
 DIAZEPAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
2%
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf
unknown, oral
 DIAZEPAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
2000 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 2000 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 2000 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/357765
healthy, 28 years
Health Status: healthy
Age Group: 28 years
Sex: M
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/357765
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/357765
500 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 500 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 500 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/357765
unhealthy, 61 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 61 years
Sex: F
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/357765
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/357765
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal
Recommended
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
unhealthy, > 12 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: seizure activity
Age Group: > 12 years
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Other AEs: Respiratory depression, Abuse...
Other AEs:
Respiratory depression (serious|grade 5)
Abuse (serious|grade 5)
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal
Recommended
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 573
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: seizure activity
Age Group: > 12 years
Population Size: 573
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Disc. AE: Somnolence, Hypoventilation...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Somnolence (3 patients)
Hypoventilation (2 patients)
Rash (2 patients)
Asthenia (1 patient)
Hyperkinesia (1 patient)
Incoordination (1 patient)
Vasodilatation (1 patient)
Urticaria (1 patient)
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
10 mg 2 times / day multiple, intranasal
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 2 times / day
Route: intranasal
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 2 times / day
Co-administed with::
benzodiazepines
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/211635s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/211635s000lbl.pdf
Other AEs: Respiratory depression...
Other AEs:
Respiratory depression (serious|grade 5)
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/211635s000lbl.pdf
10 mg 4 times / day multiple, intramuscular
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day
Route: intramuscular
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day
Co-administed with::
benzodiazepines
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: anxiety disorders
Age Group: adult
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf
Other AEs: Respiratory depression, Abuse...
Other AEs:
Respiratory depression (serious|grade 5)
Abuse (serious|grade 5)
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf
10 mg 4 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day
Co-administed with::
OPIOIDS
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Anxiety Disorders
Age Group: adult
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf
Other AEs: Respiratory depression...
Other AEs:
Respiratory depression (serious|grade 5)
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Abuse serious|grade 5
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal
Recommended
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
unhealthy, > 12 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: seizure activity
Age Group: > 12 years
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Respiratory depression serious|grade 5
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal
Recommended
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
unhealthy, > 12 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: seizure activity
Age Group: > 12 years
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Asthenia 1 patient
Disc. AE
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal
Recommended
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 573
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: seizure activity
Age Group: > 12 years
Population Size: 573
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Hyperkinesia 1 patient
Disc. AE
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal
Recommended
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 573
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: seizure activity
Age Group: > 12 years
Population Size: 573
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Incoordination 1 patient
Disc. AE
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal
Recommended
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 573
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: seizure activity
Age Group: > 12 years
Population Size: 573
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Urticaria 1 patient
Disc. AE
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal
Recommended
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 573
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: seizure activity
Age Group: > 12 years
Population Size: 573
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Vasodilatation 1 patient
Disc. AE
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal
Recommended
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 573
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: seizure activity
Age Group: > 12 years
Population Size: 573
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Hypoventilation 2 patients
Disc. AE
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal
Recommended
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 573
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: seizure activity
Age Group: > 12 years
Population Size: 573
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Rash 2 patients
Disc. AE
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal
Recommended
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 573
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: seizure activity
Age Group: > 12 years
Population Size: 573
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Somnolence 3 patients
Disc. AE
0.2 mg/kg 2 times / day multiple, rectal
Recommended
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
unhealthy, > 12 years
n = 573
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: seizure activity
Age Group: > 12 years
Population Size: 573
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020648s022lbl.pdf
Respiratory depression serious|grade 5
10 mg 2 times / day multiple, intranasal
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 2 times / day
Route: intranasal
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 2 times / day
Co-administed with::
benzodiazepines
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/211635s000lbl.pdf
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/211635s000lbl.pdf
Abuse serious|grade 5
10 mg 4 times / day multiple, intramuscular
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day
Route: intramuscular
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day
Co-administed with::
benzodiazepines
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: anxiety disorders
Age Group: adult
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf
Respiratory depression serious|grade 5
10 mg 4 times / day multiple, intramuscular
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day
Route: intramuscular
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day
Co-administed with::
benzodiazepines
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: anxiety disorders
Age Group: adult
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020124s033lbl.pdf
Respiratory depression serious|grade 5
10 mg 4 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 4 times / day
Co-administed with::
OPIOIDS
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Anxiety Disorders
Age Group: adult
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/013263s094lbl.pdf
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG
substrate
1737
inhibitor
1767

substrate
1037
inhibitor
1852

substrate
1217
inhibitor
1612

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer
CYP2A6
707

Cav1.2
45

Nav1.5
97

OCT3
150
CYP2C19
991

CYP1A2
1054

CYP2A6
543

CYP2B6
664

CYP2C8
693

CYP2E1
667

CYP3A5
395
Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
CYP2A6
739
 no
CYP2C9
1819
 no
CYP2D6
1891
 no
OCT3
150
 strong [IC50 2 uM]
Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
CYP2B6
664
 major
CYP2C19
991
 major
CYP3A4
1737
 major
CYP3A5
395
 major
CYP1A2
1054
 yes
CYP2A6
543
 yes
CYP2C8
693
 yes
CYP2C9
1037
 yes
CYP2D6
1217
 yes
CYP2E1
667
 yes
Tox targets

Tox targets

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
Cav1.2
49
Nav1.5
100
hERG
1647
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
ChEBI
CHEBI:49575
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:49575
ZINC
ZINC000000006427
http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000000006427
eMolecules
536763
https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=536763
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Letter: Clonazepam in the treatment of drug-induced dyskinesia.
1975 Feb 1
The influence of aldosterone and anticonvulsant drugs on electroencephalographic and clinical disturbances induced by the spirolactone derivative, potassium canrenoate.
1975 Jan
Chlorambucil-induced seizure in a patient with nephrotic syndrome.
1999
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation regulates refractoriness of status epilepticus to diazepam.
1999
Binding, partial agonism, and potentiation of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor function by benzodiazepines: A potential site of allosteric modulation.
1999 Dec
Distinct features of seizures induced by cocaine and amphetamine analogs.
1999 Jul 21
[A case of cardiac arrest after torsades de pointes due to prolonged QT interval syndrome possibly associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage].
1999 Jun
Effects of diazepam on extracellular brain neurotransmitters in pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats.
1999 Jun 4
Effects of L-arginine on picrotoxin-induced increase in brain ammonia concentrations and convulsions in rats.
1999 Oct
Transient syncope and ECG changes associated with the concurrent administration of clozapine and diazepam.
1999 Sep
Seizures caused by possible interaction between olanzapine and clomipramine.
2000 Apr
The pharmacodynamics of PK 11195 in diazepam-dependent male and female rats.
2000 Aug
Acute adverse reaction to fentanyl in a 55 year old man.
2000 Aug
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of diazepam, nitroglycerin, or both for treatment of patients with potential cocaine-associated acute coronary syndromes.
2000 Aug
Ketamine potentiates cerebrocortical damage induced by the common anaesthetic agent nitrous oxide in adult rats.
2000 Aug
Effects of anticonvulsants on local anaesthetic-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
2000 Feb
Manic episode in an ifosfamide-treated patient.
2000 Jan-Feb
Chronic cocaine differentially affects diazepam's anxiolytic and anticonvulsant actions. Relationship to GABA(A) receptor subunit expression.
2000 Nov 3
Etomidate-induced convulsion prior to electroconvulsive therapy.
2000 Oct
Analgesic effect of intravenous ketamine in cancer patients on morphine therapy: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover, double-dose study.
2000 Oct
Flumazenil prevents diazepam-elicited anticonvulsant action and concomitant attenuation of glutamate overflow.
2000 Oct 27
Negative inotropic effect of diazepam in isolated guinea pig heart.
2001 Feb
[Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in gynecologic surgery with 3 fixed doses of metoclopramide, droperidol or placebo].
2001 Feb
Extracellular serotonin is enhanced in the striatum, but not in the dorsal hippocampus or prefrontal cortex, in rats subjected to an operant conflict procedure.
2001 Feb
Prenatal stress and postnatal development of neonatal rats--sex-dependent effects on emotional behavior and learning ability of neonatal rats.
2001 Feb
Lack of reinforcing effect of the benzodiazepine and tricyclic antidepressant combination of diazepam and dothiepin.
2001 Feb
Effects of different preparations of propofol, diazepam, and etomidate on human neutrophils in vitro.
2001 Feb
A model of atypical absence seizures: EEG, pharmacology, and developmental characterization.
2001 Feb 13
[Premedication for endoscopy].
2001 Feb 2
Inhibition of shock-induced foot tapping behaviour in the gerbil by a tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist.
2001 Feb 2
Effects of a novel uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MRZ 2/579 on ethanol self-administration and ethanol withdrawal seizures in the rat.
2001 Feb 9
Evaluation of native GABA(A) receptors containing an alpha 5 subunit.
2001 Feb 9
Chronic benzodiazepine administration facilitates the subsequent development of ethanol dependence.
2001 Feb 9
Effect of diazepam and midazolam on the antinociceptive effect of morphine, metamizol and indomethacin in mice.
2001 Jan
Neuropharmacological actions of some binuclear lanthanide(III) complexes.
2001 Jan
Sedative properties of the decoction of the rhizome of Cyperus articulatus.
2001 Jan
Diazepam increases the number of punished responses in a conflict-operant paradigm during late proestrus and estrus in the Wistar rat.
2001 Jan
The octadecaneuropeptide ODN stimulates neurosteroid biosynthesis through activation of central-type benzodiazepine receptors.
2001 Jan
Thiopentone induction dose requirement in dogs is little influenced by co-administration of diazepam or prior treatment with phenobarbitone or corticosteroids, but is reduced in the presence of brain pathology.
2001 Jan
Effects of antiepileptic drugs on rat platelet aggregation: ex vivo and in vitro study.
2001 Jan
Evaluating the use of benzodiazepines following recent bereavement.
2001 Jan
The efficacy of oral clonidine premedication in the prevention of postoperative vomiting in children following strabismus surgery.
2001 Jan
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor superinduction parallels anti-epileptic--neuroprotective treatment in the pilocarpine epilepsy model.
2001 Mar
[3H]Ro 15-1788 binding sites to brain membrane of the saltwater Mugil cephalus.
2001 Mar
Topical anesthesia for cataract surgery: a population-based perspective.
2001 Mar
Anxiogenic-like effects limit rewarding effects of cocaine in balb/cbyj mice.
2001 Mar
Pharmacological evidence for a role of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor mechanism in modulating nitric oxide synthase activity in rat brain.
2001 Mar
Dual effects of melatonin on barbiturate-induced narcosis in rats.
2001 Mar 16
The octadecaneuropeptide [diazepam-binding inhibitor (33-50)] exerts potent anorexigenic effects in rodents.
2001 Mar 2
Targeted disruption of the GABA(A) receptor delta subunit gene leads to an up-regulation of gamma 2 subunit-containing receptors in cerebellar granule cells.
2001 Mar 30
Patents

Patents

04988628
2
05662911
3
JP2005520783A
40
JP2008513896A
12
JP2009519467A
53
JP2011507800A
48
JP2012500248A
3
JP4739217B2
51
JPH01265075A
2
JPH02235822A
2
JPH11228539A
2
JPS55143988A
2
JPS60208911A
2

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Tale 2-10 mg, 2 to 4 times daily.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6722533
Rat brain membranes were treated with diazepam (1-1000 nM) and the drug was shown to enhance the effects of iontophoretically applied GABA.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Sat Dec 16 17:05:32 GMT 2023
Edited
by admin
on Sat Dec 16 17:05:32 GMT 2023
Record UNII
Q3JTX2Q7TU
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
DIAZEPAM
EP   GREEN BOOK   HSDB   INN   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USAN   USP   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN   USAN  
Official Name English
VALTOCO
Brand Name English
RO 5-2807
Code English
DIAZEPAM [VANDF]
Common Name English
ANSIOLISINA
Common Name English
DIAZEPAM CIV
USP-RS  
Common Name English
VALIUM
Brand Name English
LA-III
Code English
DIAZEPAM [GREEN BOOK]
Common Name English
DIZAC
Brand Name English
SERVIZEPAM
Common Name English
DIAZEPAM [IARC]
Common Name English
RO-5-2807
Code English
DIAZEPAM [USAN]
Common Name English
DIASTAT
Brand Name English
NSC-77518
Code English
LA III
Code English
2H-1,4-BENZODIAZEPIN-2-ONE, 7-CHLORO-1,3-DIHYDRO-1-METHYL-5-PHENYL-
Systematic Name English
NSC-169897
Code English
DIAZEPAM [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
RO-52807
Code English
7-CHLORO-1-METHYL-5-PHENYL-3H-1,4-BENZODIAZEPIN-2(1H)-ONE
Systematic Name English
DIAZEPAM [HSDB]
Common Name English
WY-3467
Code English
METHYL DIAZEPINONE
Systematic Name English
CENTRAZEPAM
Common Name English
Q-PAM
Brand Name English
7-CHLORO-1,3-DIHYDRO-1-METHYL-5-PHENYL-2H-1,4-BENZODIAZEPINE-2-ONE
Systematic Name English
VALRELEASE
Brand Name English
DIAZEPAM [MART.]
Common Name English
DIACEPIN
Common Name English
Diazepam [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
DIAZEPAM [MI]
Common Name English
diazepam [INN]
Common Name English
DIAZEPAM [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
DIAZEPAM [JAN]
Common Name English
NRL-1
Code English
DIAZEPAM [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
DIAZEPAM CIV [USP-RS]
Common Name English
7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
Systematic Name English
TRANQUASE
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NDF-RT N0000007542
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 384112
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
EPA PESTICIDE CODE 600069
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 334911
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 518316
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST 8.4
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
LIVERTOX NBK548352
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
WHO-VATC QN05BA01
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 543516
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 638118
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST 24.3
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 382512
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC N05BA01
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST 05
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
DEA NO. 2765
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C1012
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 61591
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000175694
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
RS_ITEM_NUM
1185008
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m4267
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
NSC
169897
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
3322
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
MESH
D003975
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
HSDB
3057
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Diazepam
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00829
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID4020406
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
852
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
DIAZEPAM
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB07069MIG
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
3364
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
Q3JTX2Q7TU
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C28982
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
INN
1295
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
439-14-5
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
3016
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL12
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
49575
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
207-122-5
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000092362
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
Q3JTX2Q7TU
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NSC
77518
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
WHO INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPEIA
DIAZEPAM
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:05:34 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Description: A white or almost white, crystalline powder; odourless or almost odourless. Solubility: Very slightly soluble in water; soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS. Category: Tranquillizer. Storage: Diazepam should be kept in a well-closed container, protected from light. Definition: Diazepam contains not less than 99.0% and not more than 101.0% of C16H13ClN2O, calculated with reference to the dried substance.
Related Record Type Details
CYTOCHROME P450 2C19
METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE
PLASMA PROTEIN FRACTION (HUMAN)
BINDER->LIGAND
BINDING
Structure of DIAZEPAM HYDROCHLORIDE
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
CYTOCHROME P450 3A4
METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE
CYTOCHROME P450 3A5
METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE
Related Record Type Details
Structure of AVIZAFONE
PRODRUG -> METABOLITE ACTIVE
Structure of TEMAZEPAM
METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT
Structure of NORDAZEPAM
METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT
Structure of 5-CHLORO-2-METHYLAMINOBENZOPHENONE
METABOLITE -> PARENT
Structure of OXAZEPAM
METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT
Structure of NORDAZEPAM
METABOLITE TOXIC -> PARENT
Metabolite produces adverse autonomic nervous symptoms in man.
Related Record Type Details
Structure of N-(2-BENZOYL-4-CHLOROPHENYL)-2-CHLORO-N-METHYLACETAMIDE
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
Structure of NORDAZEPAM
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
Structure of 7-CHLORO-2-METHOXY-5-PHENYL-3H-1,4-BENZODIAZEPINE
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
Structure of 5-CHLORO-2-METHYLAMINOBENZOPHENONE
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
Structure of 3-AMINO-6-CHLORO-1-METHYL-4-PHENYLCARBOSTYRIL
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
Structure of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-6-CHLORO-2-QUINAZOLINONE
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
Related Record Type Details
Structure of DIAZEPAM
ACTIVE MOIETY
Name Property Type Amount Referenced Substance Defining Parameters References
pKa CHEMICAL
Volume of Distribution PHARMACOKINETIC
Tmax PHARMACOKINETIC IV: 8 minutes

IM: 1.31 hours (SYRINGE)

IM: 1.47 hours (AUTOINJECTOR)

EFFECT OF FOOD: DELAYED Tmax

RECTAL GEL: 1.5 hours

PROTEIN BINDING PHARMACOKINETIC
Biological Half-life PHARMACOKINETIC IV: 15-21 HOURS (CHILD 2-12 YEARS)

IV: 40-50 HOURS (INFANT AND TODDLER 1 MONTH TO 2 YEARS)

IV: 18-20 HOURS (ADOLESCENT 12-16 YEARS)

IV: 50-95 HOURS (NEONATE, BIRTH UP TO 1 MONTH)

IV: ABOUT 100 HOURS (ELDERLY 95 YEARS)

IV: ABOUT 15 HOURS (YOUNG ADULT 18 YEARS)

PREMATURE INFANTS, 28-34 WEEKS GESTATIONAL AGE AND 8-81 DAYS POSTPARTUM: 54 HOURS

DESMETHYLDIAZEPAM: UP TO 100 HOURS

GERIATRICS: INCREASES BY ABOUT 1 HOUR FOR EACH YEAR OF AGE BEGINNING WITH A HALF-LIFE OF 20 HOURS AT 20 YEARS OF AGE

CHILDREN 3-8 YEARS: 18 HOURS

FULL TERM INFANTS: 30 HOURS

MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE TOXICITY SEDATION, ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURE: 20 mg IV IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO PROCEDURE

SEVERE, RECURRENT SEIZURE: 30 mg/dose IV

ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY PHARMACOKINETIC
BIOAVAILABILTY PHARMACOKINETIC
NIH
NCATS
PRIVACY ACT
ACCESSIBILITY
DISCLAIMER
HHS VULNERABILITY DISCLOSURE
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