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Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C22H26N2O4S
Molecular Weight 414.518
Optical Activity ( + )
Defined Stereocenters 2 / 2
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of DILTIAZEM

SMILES

COC1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@@H]2SC3=CC=CC=C3N(CCN(C)C)C(=O)[C@@H]2OC(C)=O

InChI

InChIKey=HSUGRBWQSSZJOP-RTWAWAEBSA-N
InChI=1S/C22H26N2O4S/c1-15(25)28-20-21(16-9-11-17(27-4)12-10-16)29-19-8-6-5-7-18(19)24(22(20)26)14-13-23(2)3/h5-12,20-21H,13-14H2,1-4H3/t20-,21+/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C22H26N2O4S
Molecular Weight 414.518
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 2 / 2
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

Diltiazem is a nondihydropyridines calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and some types of arrhythmia. Diltiazem produces its antihypertensive effect primarily by relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and the resultant decrease in peripheral vascular resistance.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
21.0 nM [Ki]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
CARDIZEM

Approved Use

Diltiazem produces its antihypertensive effect primarily by relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and the resultant decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. The magnitude of blood pressure reduction is related to the degree of hypertension; thus hypertensive individuals experience an antihypertensive effect, whereas there is only a modest fall in blood pressure in normotensives.

Launch Date

1982
Primary
CARDIZEM

Approved Use

Diltiazem has been shown to produce increases in exercise tolerance, probably due to its ability to reduce myocardial oxygen demand. This is accomplished via reductions in heart rate and systemic blood pressure at submaximal and maximal work loads. Diltiazem has been shown to be a potent dilator of coronary arteries, both epicardial and subendocardial. Spontaneous and ergonovine-induced coronary artery spasm are inhibited by diltiazem.

Launch Date

1982
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
166.4 ng/mL
240 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 240 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
DILTIAZEM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
2410 ng × h/mL
240 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 240 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
DILTIAZEM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7.5 h
360 mg single, oral
dose: 360 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
DILTIAZEM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: FASTED
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
25%
360 mg single, oral
dose: 360 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
DILTIAZEM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: FASTED
Overview

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer






Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
weak
yes [IC50 0.6 uM]
yes [IC50 11 uM]
yes [IC50 120 uM]
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: Diltiazem is an inhibitor of CYP3A4 and has been shown to increase significantly the AUC of some statins.
yes [Ki 117 uM]
yes [Ki 12.5 uM]
yes [Ki 77.7 uM]
Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
major
no
no (pharmacogenomic study)
Comment: results suggest that CYP3A5*3 has only a minor effect on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of diltiazem
yes
yes
yes
weak (pharmacogenomic study)
Comment: Two of the most frequent alleles, CYP3A5 3 and CYP2D6 10, among Chinese do not have major impacts on the disposition of diltiazem and N-desmethyl diltiazem. However, the desacetyl diltiazem showed 2-fold accumulation in individuals with CYP2D6 10/10 genotype
Tox targets

Tox targets

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of once-daily sustained-release diltiazem alone and in combination with ramipril in hypertension.
1999 Oct
Diltiazem causes open channel block of recombinant 5-HT3 receptors.
1999 Sep 15
[Unexpected formation of spiro(benzofuran-2,2'-(1,4)benzothiazines) from aurones].
2001 Apr
Contribution of amiloride-insensitive pathways to alveolar fluid clearance in adult rats.
2001 Apr
Involvement of calcium signaling in the fibronectin-stimulated macrophage recognition of oxidatively damaged erythrocytes.
2001 Apr 23
Pharmacological interventions of cyanide-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in isolated rat thymocytes and their protective efficacy in vivo.
2001 Feb 3
Diltiazem affects human dendritic cell maturation.
2001 Feb-Mar
Heart rate-lowering and -regulating effects of once-daily sustained-release diltiazem.
2001 Jan
Design and evaluation of microcapsules of diltiazem hydrochloride.
2001 Jan-Feb
Photostability and phototoxicity studies on diltiazem.
2001 Jun
Inhibition by nifedipine of adherence- and activated macrophage-induced death of human gingival fibroblasts.
2001 Mar 9
Trimetazidine for stable angina pectoris.
2001 May
Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of L-glutamate by alphaTC6, clonal mouse pancreatic alpha-cells.
2001 May
Study of processing parameters influencing the properties of diltiazem hydrochloride microspheres.
2001 May-Jun
Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
When used as monotherapy, reasonable starting doses are 180 to 240 mg once daily, although some patients may respond to lower doses. Maximum antihypertensive effect is usually observed by 14 days of chronic therapy; therefore, dosage adjustments should be scheduled accordingly. The usual dosage range studied in clinical trials was 240 to 360 mg once daily. Individual patients may respond to higher doses of up to 480 mg once daily. Dosages for the treatment of angina should be adjusted to each patient's needs, starting with a dose of 120 or 180 mg once daily. Individual patients may respond to higher doses of up to 480 mg once daily. When necessary, titration may be carried out over a 7- to 14-day period.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Tissue homogenate of cerebral cortext and heart containing calcium channel receptors was used in a radioligand-binding assays. Cerebral cortices of male SD rats were homogenized. Hearts were also removed, perfused through aorta with ice-cold saline solution, and homogenized. Subsequently, the cardiac homogenates were filtered through four layers of cloth. Both cortical and cardiac homogenates were washed 5 times by centrifugation for 10 min at 48000 g. The final pelle was resuspended to a conc. of 50 mg of original wet tissue wt/mL of buffer and stored at -70°C. Tissue homogenate (200 uL) was incubated for 90 min in a dark room at 0°C with 100 uL of [3H]nitreddipine (3x10^-10M, 87 Ci/mmol) and 100 uL of the test compound dissolved in DMSO in 50 mM of Na-Hepes buffer, pH 7.4. The incubations were stopped by adding 4 mL of cold buffer followed by rapid filtratoin through glass fiber filter disks. The samples were subsequently washed 3 times with 4.5 mL of the same buffer and placed into scintill. vials. Diltiazem inhibited binding of [3H]nitrendipine with Ki of 21 nM.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
Record UNII
EE92BBP03H
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
SURAZEM
Preferred Name English
DILTIAZEM
HSDB   INN   MI   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN  
Official Name English
Diltiazem [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
DILTIAZEM [HSDB]
Common Name English
DILTIAZEM EXTENDED RELEASE
Common Name English
DILTIAZEM [VANDF]
Common Name English
DILTIAZEM [MI]
Common Name English
1,5-BENZOTHIAZEPIN-4(5H)-ONE, 3-(ACETYLOXY)-5-(U2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-2,3-DIHYDRO-2-(4-METHOXYPHENYL)-, (+)-CIS-
Common Name English
diltiazem [INN]
Common Name English
(+)-5-(2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-CIS-2,3-DIHYDRO-3-HYDROXY-2-(P-METHOXYPHENYL)-1,5-BENZOTHIAZEPIN-4(5H)-ONE ACETATE (ESTER)
Common Name English
DITIAZ [VANDF]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-VATC QC08DB01
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC C08DB01
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000000069
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
LIVERTOX NBK547898
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC C05AE03
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000175566
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
NCI_THESAURUS C333
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
Code System Code Type Description
FDA UNII
EE92BBP03H
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CAS
42399-41-7
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
2298
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
39186
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
255-796-4
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
EE92BBP03H
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL23
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00343
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
HSDB
6528
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
INN
3433
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m4494
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Merck Index
EVMPD
SUB07148MIG
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Diltiazem
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID9022940
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MESH
D004110
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
897
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CHEBI
101278
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RXCUI
3443
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY RxNorm
WIKIPEDIA
DILTIAZEM
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C61725
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000082630
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 07:52:35 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
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