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Description
Curator's Comment:: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8801161

Retonol, also known as Vitamin A1, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. It is used to treat and prevent vitamin A deficiency. It is also used to prevent further issues in those who have measles. Retinol is used as a metabolic precursor of retinoic acid to treat skin-related conditions, such as cellulite, skin aging, photodamage.

CNS Activity

CNS Penetrant
2344
Curator's Comment:: Evidence indicates that retinol is transported by retinol binding protein across the blood–brain barrier and blood–CSF barrier to the CNS

Originator

Approval Year

1947
89
Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Activator
1343
Lecithin retinol acyltransferase
4
Target ID: O95237
Gene ID: 9227.0
Gene Symbol: LRAT
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Substrate
609
Retinol dehydrogenase 12
4
Target ID: Q96NR8
Gene ID: 145226.0
Gene Symbol: RDH12
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Substrate
609
11-cis retinol dehydrogenase
5
Target ID: Q92781
Gene ID: 5959.0
Gene Symbol: RDH5
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Substrate
609
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Preventing
Phase III
643
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Preventing
Phase III
643
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Preventing
Phase III
643
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Primary
Approved
8043
AQUASOL A

Approved Use

Used to treat and prevent symptoms of vitamin A deficiency such as xerophthalmia and night blindness. Used as a dietary supplement to prevent vitamin A deficiency in patients with GI diseases (e.g., malabsorption syndromes) and those with abnormal storage and transport of vitamin A (e.g., abetalipoproteinemia, protein deficiency, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, fever, liver disease, cystic fibrosis with hepatic involvement).

Launch Date

-6.5093763E11
Palliative
Approved
8043
AQUASOL A

Approved Use

Children with severe measles have been found to have low serum concentrations of vitamin A; WHO and AAP recommend that vitamin A supplements be given to all children with acute measles, regardless of their country of residence.

Launch Date

-6.5093763E11
Primary
Phase II
1101
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Primary
Phase IV
63
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Retinol-induced mdr1 and mdr3 modulation in cultured rat Sertoli cells is attenuated by free radical scavengers.
2004
Vitamin A prevents high fat diet-induced ACF development and modifies the pattern of expression of peroxisome proliferator and retinoic acid receptor m-RNA.
2004
Dietary vitamin A intakes of Filipino elders with adequate or low liver vitamin A concentrations as assessed by the deuterated-retinol-dilution method: implications for dietary requirements.
2004 Apr
Metabolism of retinoids and arachidonic acid by human and mouse cytochrome P450 1b1.
2004 Aug
Vitamin A regulates proliferation and apoptosis of human T- and B-cells.
2004 Dec
Carotenoids and their metabolites are naturally occurring activators of gene expression via the pregnane X receptor.
2004 Dec
A palmitoylation switch mechanism in the regulation of the visual cycle.
2004 Jun 11
Safety and efficacy of dose-intensive oral vitamin A in subjects with sun-damaged skin.
2004 Mar 15
Use of the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique to monitor the vitamin A status of Nicaraguan schoolchildren 1 y after initiation of the Nicaraguan national program of sugar fortification with vitamin A.
2004 Nov
Age differences in vitamin A intake among Canadian Inuit.
2004 Nov-Dec
Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on vitamin A metabolism in mice.
2005
Alcohol, vitamin A, and cancer.
2005 Apr
Brain tissue fragments in the amniotic fluid of rats with neural tube defect.
2005 Apr
What is the safe dose of vitamin A in children with measles?
2005 Apr
Retinoid receptor mRNA expression profiles in human bladder cancer specimens.
2005 Apr
Fortification of maize meal improved the nutritional status of 1-3-year-old African children.
2005 Aug
Effects of prenatal vitamins A, E, and C on the hypoplastic hearts of fetal rats with diaphragmatic hernia.
2005 Aug
beta-cryptoxanthin stimulates cell differentiation and mineralization in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.
2005 Aug 15
Vitamin A status in mice affects the histone code of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in liver.
2005 Dec
Retinal degeneration associated with RDH12 mutations results from decreased 11-cis retinal synthesis due to disruption of the visual cycle.
2005 Dec 15
Phospho-STAT5 accumulation in nuclear fractions from vitamin A-deficient rat liver.
2005 Jul 4
Effect of vitamin A content in cafeteria diet on the expression of nuclear receptors in rat subcutaneous adipose tissue.
2005 Jun
Serum and CSF vitamin A concentrations in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
2005 Jun 14
Vitamin A supplementation for extremely low birth weight infants: outcome at 18 to 22 months.
2005 Mar
Inhibitory effects of vitamin A on TCDD-induced cytochrome P-450 1A1 enzyme activity and expression.
2005 May
Megalin-mediated reuptake of retinol in the kidneys of mice is essential for vitamin A homeostasis.
2005 Nov
Expression of nuclear receptor and target genes in liver and intestine of neonatal calves fed colostrum and vitamin A.
2005 Nov
Retinol inhibits the growth of all-trans-retinoic acid-sensitive and all-trans-retinoic acid-resistant colon cancer cells through a retinoic acid receptor-independent mechanism.
2005 Nov 1
Development of a versatile reporter assay for studies of retinol uptake and metabolism in vivo.
2005 Nov 1
Retinoid metabolism during development of liver cirrhosis.
2005 Nov 15
Vitamin A supplementation induces adipose tissue loss through apoptosis in lean but not in obese rats of the WNIN/Ob strain.
2005 Oct
Regulation of a highly specific retinoic acid-4-hydroxylase (CYP26A1) enzyme and all-trans-retinoic acid metabolism in human intestinal, liver, endothelial, and acute promyelocytic leukemia cells.
2005 Oct
Vitamin A regulation of BMP4 expression in the male germ line.
2005 Oct 1
Acyl coenzyme A dependent retinol esterification by acyl coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1.
2005 Oct 15
Expression of keratinocyte transglutaminase in cornea of vitamin A-deficient rats.
2005 Sep
Mutation of key residues of RPE65 abolishes its enzymatic role as isomerohydrolase in the visual cycle.
2005 Sep 20
Transmembrane protein GDE2 induces motor neuron differentiation in vivo.
2005 Sep 30
Effects of nitrofen and vitamins A, C and E on maturation of cultured human H441 pneumocytes.
2006
The effect of vitamin A on CCl4-induced hepatic injuries in rats: a histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.
2006
Vitamin A improves Pax3 expression that is decreased in the heart of rats with experimental diaphragmatic hernia.
2006 Feb
The acute and chronic toxic effects of vitamin A.
2006 Feb
Comparative ligand-binding analysis of ten human lipocalins.
2006 Feb
Nonclassical action of retinoic acid on the activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein in normal human bronchial epithelial cells.
2006 Feb
Retinoic acid regulates sex-specific timing of meiotic initiation in mice.
2006 Feb 21
RPE65 is an iron(II)-dependent isomerohydrolase in the retinoid visual cycle.
2006 Feb 3
Role of retinoic acid receptors alpha1 and gamma in the response of murine limbs to retinol in vitro.
2006 Jan
Renal pathology and retinol status in multiple myeloma patients.
2006 Jan
Expression of Connexin 43 in the hearts of rat embryos exposed to nitrofen and effects of vitamin A on it.
2006 Jan
Hypervitaminosis A-induced liver fibrosis: stellate cell activation and daily dose consumption.
2006 Mar
Retinol palmitate protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis.
2019
Patents

Patents

JP1016739A
4
JP1034917A
4
JP1040412A
9
JP1067146A
4
JP1083007A
4
JP2000007558A
4
JP2000007560A
4
JP2000007583A
6
JP2000026270A
6
JP2000044458A
4
JP2000063351A
4
JP2000086489A
5
JP2000086505A
4
JP2000086645A
4
JP2000106873A
4
JP2000143500A
7
JP2000191506A
4
JP2000198770A
4
JP2000204011A
4
JP2000212066A
4
JP2000212100A
4
JP2000229827A
4
JP2000229828A
4
JP2000236888A
6
JP2000239140A
4
JP2000247866A
6
JP2000247928A
5
JP2000256131A
4
JP2000256167A
4
JP2000256183A
4
JP2000273024A
4
JP2000273035A
4
JP2000351752A
7
JP2000501622A
15
JP2001002559A
7
JP2001019640A
4
JP2001019669A
4
JP2001055328A
4
JP2001055571A
4
JP2001072584A
7
JP2001078735A
4
JP2001097858A
4
JP2001114755A
4
JP2001122735A
4
JP2001181176A
4
JP2001199843A
4
JP2001224320A
4
JP2001278774A
7
JP2001278783A
4
JP2001309757A
4
JP2001309759A
4

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Weekly single oral dose 7000 micrograms
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
The role of vitamin A (2.72 μM/7 ml culture), a naturally occurring antioxidant upon arsenic-induced genotoxicity; with respect to chromosomal aberrations (structural and numerical) and micronuclei. Whole blood cultures set for 72 h were exposed to test chemicals for a period of 24 h ahead of harvesting. Arsenic concentrations tested in the present study are 0.36, 0.72 and 1.4 μM/7 ml culture. Mitomycin C (MMC), the direct acting mutagen was used as positive control.
Substance Class Mixture
Created
by admin
on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
Edited
by admin
on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
Record UNII
81G40H8B0T
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
VITAMIN A
FCC   GREEN BOOK   MART.   ORANGE BOOK   USP   VANDF  
Common Name English
LUTAVIT A
Common Name English
VITAMIN A [VANDF]
Common Name English
VITAMIN A [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
VITAMIN A (NATURAL) [VANDF]
Common Name English
PROVITAMIN A
Common Name English
CHOCOLA A
Common Name English
VITAMIN A, UNSPECIFIED FORM
Common Name English
VITAMIN A [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
VIATMIN A [VANDF]
Common Name English
VITAMIN A CONCENTRATE [WHO-IP]
Common Name English
VITAMIN A [FCC]
Common Name English
VITAMIN A [GREEN BOOK]
Common Name English
HYDROVIT A
Common Name English
ROVIMIX A 500
Common Name English
VITAMIN A [USP]
Common Name English
MICROVIT A
Common Name English
VITAMIN A [MART.]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NDF-RT N0000006269
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
CFR 21 CFR 862.1805
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
NDF-RT N0000006269
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
WHO-ATC V04CB01
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
DSLD 3315 (Number of products:1063)
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
NDF-RT N0000006269
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
NDF-RT N0000006269
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
NDF-RT N0000006269
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
CFR 21 CFR 101.78
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 546216
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
CFR 21 CFR 184.1930
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
WHO-VATC QV04CB01
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
DSLD 2698 (Number of products:2377)
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
LIVERTOX 1033
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
NDF-RT N0000175950
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
DSLD 201 (Number of products:4964)
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
Code System Code Type Description
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
234-328-2
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00162
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB16102MIG
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Vitamin A
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL986
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY
CAS
11103-57-4
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY
RXCUI
11246
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY RxNorm
WIKIPEDIA
VITAMIN A
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB05791MIG
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C938
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY
MESH
D014801
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
81G40H8B0T
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY
WHO INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPEIA
VITAMIN A
Created by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 21:08:49 UTC 2021
PRIMARY Description: A yellow to brownish yellow, oily liquid.Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; soluble or partly soluble in dehydrated ethanol R; miscible with organic solvents.Category: Vitamin.Storage: The oily form of Retinol concentrate should be kept in a well-closed and well-filled container, protected from light. Oncethe container has been opened its contents should be used as soon as possible; any part of the contents not used at once shouldbe protected by an atmosphere of inert gas.Labelling: The designation on the container should state the name of the retinol ester or esters, and their quantities expressed asthe content of vitamin A in International Units (IU) per gram, whether any stabilizing agents are added and their quantities, as wellas the method of restoring the solution if partial crystallization has occurred.Additional information: Even in the absence of light the oily form of Retinol concentrate is gradually degraded on exposure to ahumid atmosphere, the decomposition being faster at higher temperatures.Partial crystallization may occur in concentrated solutions and upon refrigeration.
One of these components may be present:
Structure of RETINOL
Structure of VITAMIN A PALMITATE
Structure of VITAMIN A ACETATE
Related Record Type Details
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PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT
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PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT
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PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT
Related Record Type Details
VITAMIN A
ACTIVE MOIETY
Definition References
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NCATS
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