Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C4H10N2 |
Molecular Weight | 86.1356 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
C1CNCCN1
InChI
InChIKey=GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C4H10N2/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h5-6H,1-4H2
Molecular Formula | C4H10N2 |
Molecular Weight | 86.1356 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionSources: http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/piperazine-oral-route/proper-use/drg-20065522Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27177234 |
Sources: http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/piperazine-oral-route/proper-use/drg-20065522
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27177234 |
Piperazine, a six membered nitrogen containing heterocycle, is of great significance to the rational design of drugs. This moiety can be found in a plethora of well-known drugs with various therapeutic uses, such as antipsychotic, antihistamine, antianginal, antidepressant, anticancer, antiviral, cardio protectors, anti-inflammatory, and imaging agents. Slight modification to the substitution pattern on the piperazine nucleus facilitates a recognizable difference in the medicinal potential of the resultant molecules. Piperazine has been used as an antihelmintic drug. Piperazine works by paralyzing the worms. They are then passed in the stool.
CNS Activity
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5099003 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7673626
Curator's Comment: Piperazine is neurotoxic.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: UniProtKB: D6BK80_HAECO | D6BJF3_HAECO (GABA receptor subunit) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22075040 |
6.23 mM [EC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Curative | MULTIFUGE Approved UsePiperazine belongs to the family of medicines called anthelmintics. Anthelmintics are used in the treatment of worm infections. Piperazine is used to treat: common roundworms (ascariasis) and pinworms (enterobiasis; oxyuriasis). Launch Date-4.88332788E11 |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
10 mg/m3/h single, respiratory Studied dose Dose: 10 mg/m3/h Route: respiratory Route: single Dose: 10 mg/m3/h Sources: |
unhealthy, 42 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Occupational asthma Age Group: 42 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Asthma late onset... |
115 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 115 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 115 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 6 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: abdominal pain due to probable worm infestation Age Group: 6 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Myoclonus... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Myoclonus (1 patient) Sources: |
65 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 65 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 65 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 9 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: pinworm or roundworm infections Age Group: 9 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Ataxia... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Ataxia (1 patient) Sources: |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Asthma late onset | 1 patient | 10 mg/m3/h single, respiratory Studied dose Dose: 10 mg/m3/h Route: respiratory Route: single Dose: 10 mg/m3/h Sources: |
unhealthy, 42 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Occupational asthma Age Group: 42 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Myoclonus | 1 patient Disc. AE |
115 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 115 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 115 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 6 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: abdominal pain due to probable worm infestation Age Group: 6 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Ataxia | 1 patient Disc. AE |
65 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 65 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 65 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 9 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: pinworm or roundworm infections Age Group: 9 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists for assisted conception. | 2001 |
|
Enzyme immunoassay for 6-amino-5-chloro-1-isopropyl-2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)benzimidazole, a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. | 2001 Apr |
|
Dicationic bis(9-methylphenazine-1-carboxamides): relationships between biological activity and linker chain structure for a series of potent topoisomerase targeted anticancer drugs. | 2001 Apr 26 |
|
A practical GnRH analogue (triptorelin) stimulation test to distinguish constitutional delay of puberty from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in prepubertal boys. | 2001 Apr-Jun |
|
Prospective evaluation of hot flashes during treatment with parenteral estrogen or complete androgen ablation for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. | 2001 Aug |
|
Intracellular PO(2) decreases with increasing stimulation frequency in contracting single Xenopus muscle fibers. | 2001 Aug |
|
Effects of androgen manipulation on postprandial triglyceridaemia, low-density lipoprotein particle size and lipoprotein(a) in men. | 2001 Dec |
|
Synthesis and stereoselective kappa-receptor binding of methylated analogues of GR-89.696. | 2001 Feb |
|
Design, synthesis, and modeling of novel cyclic thrombin receptor-derived peptide analogues of the Ser42-Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg46 motif sequence with fixed conformations of pharmacophoric groups: importance of a Phe/Arg/NH2 cluster for receptor activation and implications in the design of nonpeptide thrombin receptor mimetics. | 2001 Feb 1 |
|
Asymmetric transformation of N-nitrosamines by inclusion crystallization with optically active hosts. | 2001 Jan 26 |
|
The lumbrical provocation test in subjects with median inclusive paresthesia. | 2001 Jul |
|
Estrogen 'add-back' and lipid profile during GnRH agonist (triptorelin) therapy. | 2001 Jul |
|
Effect of the drug-matrix on the stability of enalapril maleate in tablet formulations. | 2001 Jul |
|
The use of the indicator fluo-5N to measure sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium in single muscle fibres of the cane toad. | 2001 Jul 1 |
|
Solvent effect on the alpha-effect for the reactions of aryl acetates with butane-2,3-dione monoximate and p-chlorophenoxide in MeCN-H2O mixtures. | 2001 Jul 13 |
|
Functional hyperandrogenism detected by corticotropin and GnRH-analogue stimulation tests in women affected by apparently idiopathic hirsutism. | 2001 Jul-Aug |
|
Leuprorelin and triptorelin: new indication. Preoperative treatment of uterine leiomyoma: no proven value. | 2001 Jun |
|
[Study on the latency difference between compound muscle and sensory nerve action potentials]. | 2001 Jun |
|
Actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists on steroidogenesis in human granulosa lutein cells. | 2001 Jun |
|
Intermolecular and intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloadditions of 3-ylidenepiperazine-2,5-diones and 5-acyloxy-2(1h)-pyrazinones. | 2001 Jun 1 |
|
Chemistry of the diazeniumdiolates. 2. Kinetics and mechanism of dissociation to nitric oxide in aqueous solution. | 2001 Jun 13 |
|
Investigations of new lead structures for the design of selective estrogen receptor modulators. | 2001 Jun 7 |
|
Investigation of solid-state reactions using variable temperature X-ray powder diffractrometry. I. Aspartame hemihydrate. | 2001 Mar |
|
Anthelmintic activity of the stem bark extracts of Berlina grandiflora and one of its active principles, Betulinic acid. | 2001 Mar |
|
Antianaphylactic and antiasthmatic properties of new piperazinyl 7-(beta-hydroxypropyl)-theophylline derivatives in guinea pigs. | 2001 Mar-Apr |
|
[The results of GnRH analog treatment of endometriosis]. | 2001 May |
|
Tubular aggregates observed in spindle muscle fiber of horse lumbrical muscle. | 2001 May |
|
Requirements for the application of protein sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analyses to product speciation. | 2001 May |
|
Lumbrical muscle with an additional origin in the forearm. | 2001 May |
|
Autoregulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) system during puberty: effects of antagonistic versus agonistic GnRH analogs in a female rat model. | 2001 May |
|
Direct effects of GnRH agonists in human hormone-sensitive endometrial cells. | 2001 May 15 |
|
Double-stranded DNA binding characteristics and subcellular distribution of a minor groove binding diphenyl ether bisbenzimidazole. | 2001 May 29 |
|
Effect of column temperature on the behaviour of some angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors during high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. | 2001 May 5 |
|
[Rugulosuvines A and B--diketopiperazine alkaloids from Penicillium rugulosum and Penicillium piscarium fungi]. | 2001 May-Jun |
|
Evaluation of the absorption, excretion and metabolism of [14C] etoperidone in man. | 2001 Nov |
|
Intracellular signaling pathway of FGF-2-modulated corneal endothelial cell migration during wound healing in vitro. | 2001 Nov |
|
Protein kinase C-independent stimulation of activator protein-1 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity in human endometrial cancer cells by the LHRH agonist triptorelin. | 2001 Nov |
|
Intermetatarsal spaces: analysis with MR bursography, anatomic correlation, and histopathology in cadavers. | 2001 Nov |
|
Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models for a novel class of piperazine-based stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) inhibitors: applying a "divide and conquer" strategy. | 2001 Nov 8 |
|
Solid-phase synthesis of libraries generated from a 4-phenyl-2-carboxy-piperazine scaffold. | 2001 Nov-Dec |
|
New mu-opioid receptor agonists with piperazine moiety. | 2001 Oct |
|
Lumpidin, a novel biomarker of some ochratoxin a producing penicillia. | 2001 Oct |
|
Improvement of some pharmaceutical properties of DY-9760e by sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin. | 2001 Oct 23 |
|
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a series of diketopiperazine inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. | 2001 Oct 8 |
|
Synthesis and receptor docking studies of N-substituted indole-2-carboxylic acid esters as a search for COX-2 selective enzyme inhibitors. | 2001 Sep |
|
Continuous beds with vancomycin as chiral stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography. | 2001 Sep |
|
Comparison of practical treatment methods to eradicate pinworm (Dentostomella translucida) infections from Mongolian gerbils (Meroines unguiculatus). | 2001 Sep |
|
Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog with tibolone to prevent cyclic attacks of acute intermittent porphyria. | 2001 Sep |
|
Significance of ligand tails for interaction with the minor groove of B-DNA. | 2001 Sep |
|
Lumbrical and interossei recording in severe carpal tunnel syndrome. | 2002 Jan |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
No special preparations or other steps (for example, special diet, fasting, other medicines, laxatives, or enemas) are necessary before, during, or immediately after you take piperazine.
Piperazine may be taken with or without food or on a full or empty stomach. However, if your doctor tells you to take the medicine a certain way, take it exactly as directed.
For patients taking the granules for oral solution form of piperazine:
Dissolve the contents of 1 packet of granules in 57 mL (about 2 ounces) of water, milk, or fruit juice.
Be sure to drink all of the liquid to get the full dose of medicine.
Take this medicine only as directed. Do not take more of it and do not take it more often than your doctor ordered. To do so may increase the chance of serious side effects.
To help clear up your infection completely, take this medicine in regularly spaced doses as ordered by your doctor. In some infections, a second treatment with this medicine may be required to clear up the infection completely. Do not miss any doses.
For patients taking piperazine for pinworms:
Pinworms may be easily passed from one person to another, especially among persons in the same household. Therefore, all household members may have to be treated at the same time to prevent their infection or reinfection.
Dosing
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For granules for oral solution dosage form:
For common roundworms or pinworms:
Adults and teenagers—2 grams three times a day for one day. Treatment may need to be repeated in two weeks.
Children—Dose is based on age and/or body weight. Treatment may need to be repeated in two weeks.
Up to 2 years of age: Dose must be determined by your doctor.
2 to 8 years of age: 2 grams once a day for one day.
8 to 14 years of age: 2 grams two times a day for one day.
For oral suspension dosage form:
For common roundworms or pinworms:
Adults and teenagers—1.8 grams every four hours for a total of three doses in one day. Treatment may need to be repeated in two weeks.
Children—Dose is based on age. Treatment may need to be repeated in two weeks.
Up to 2 years of age: 600 milligrams (mg) every four hours for a total of three doses in one day.
2 to 8 years of age: 1.2 grams every six hours for a total of two doses in one day.
8 to 14 years of age: 1.2 grams every four hours for a total of three doses in one day.
For tablet dosage form:
For common roundworms:
Adults and teenagers—3.5 grams (piperazine hexahydrate) per day for two days in a row. Treatment may need to be repeated in one week.
Children—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. However, the usual dose is 75 mg (piperazine hexahydrate) per kilogram (34 mg per pound) of body weight per day for two days in a row. Treatment may need to be repeated in one week.
For pinworms:
Adults and children—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. However, the usual dose is 65 mg (piperazine hexahydrate) per kilogram (29.5 mg per pound) of body weight per day for seven days in a row. Treatment may need to be repeated in one week.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Route of Administration:
Oral
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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on
Edited
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Record UNII |
1RTM4PAL0V
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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CFR |
21 CFR 520.1242C
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CFR |
21 CFR 556.513
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CFR |
21 CFR 520.1806
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C250
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WHO-ATC |
P02CB01
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WHO-VATC |
QP52AH01
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JECFA EVALUATION |
PIPERAZINE
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CFR |
21 CFR 520.1807
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CHEMBL1412
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4837
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1RTM4PAL0V
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DTXSID1021164
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PIPERAZINE
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C61892
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28568
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C034930
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SUB03841MIG
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8340
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1541601
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DB00592
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M8846
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2188
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1RTM4PAL0V
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110-85-0
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474
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203-808-3
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