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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C4H10N2.2ClH
Molecular Weight 159.057
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE

SMILES

Cl.Cl.C1CNCCN1

InChI

InChIKey=CVVIJWRCGSYCMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C4H10N2.2ClH/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1;;/h5-6H,1-4H2;2*1H

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C4H10N2
Molecular Weight 86.1356
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Molecular Formula ClH
Molecular Weight 36.461
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27177234 |

Piperazine, a six membered nitrogen containing heterocycle, is of great significance to the rational design of drugs. This moiety can be found in a plethora of well-known drugs with various therapeutic uses, such as antipsychotic, antihistamine, antianginal, antidepressant, anticancer, antiviral, cardio protectors, anti-inflammatory, and imaging agents. Slight modification to the substitution pattern on the piperazine nucleus facilitates a recognizable difference in the medicinal potential of the resultant molecules. Piperazine has been used as an antihelmintic drug. Piperazine works by paralyzing the worms. They are then passed in the stool.

CNS Activity

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Target ID: UniProtKB: D6BK80_HAECO | D6BJF3_HAECO (GABA receptor subunit)
6.23 mM [EC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Curative
MULTIFUGE

Approved Use

Piperazine belongs to the family of medicines called anthelmintics. Anthelmintics are used in the treatment of worm infections. Piperazine is used to treat: common roundworms (ascariasis) and pinworms (enterobiasis; oxyuriasis).

Launch Date

1954
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
10 mg/m3/h single, respiratory
Studied dose
Dose: 10 mg/m3/h
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 10 mg/m3/h
Sources:
unhealthy, 42 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 42 years
Sex: F
Sources:
Other AEs: Asthma late onset...
Other AEs:
Asthma late onset (1 patient)
Sources:
115 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 115 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 115 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 6 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 6 years
Sex: F
Sources:
Disc. AE: Myoclonus...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Myoclonus (1 patient)
Sources:
65 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 65 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 65 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 9 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 9 years
Sex: M
Sources:
Disc. AE: Ataxia...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Ataxia (1 patient)
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Asthma late onset 1 patient
10 mg/m3/h single, respiratory
Studied dose
Dose: 10 mg/m3/h
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 10 mg/m3/h
Sources:
unhealthy, 42 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 42 years
Sex: F
Sources:
Myoclonus 1 patient
Disc. AE
115 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 115 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 115 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 6 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 6 years
Sex: F
Sources:
Ataxia 1 patient
Disc. AE
65 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 65 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 65 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 9 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 9 years
Sex: M
Sources:
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Prospective evaluation of hot flashes during treatment with parenteral estrogen or complete androgen ablation for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.
2001 Aug
Effects of androgen manipulation on postprandial triglyceridaemia, low-density lipoprotein particle size and lipoprotein(a) in men.
2001 Dec
D-TRP-6-LHRH (Triptorelin) is not effective in ovarian carcinoma: an EORTC Gynaecological Cancer Co-operative Group Study.
2001 Feb
Design, synthesis, and modeling of novel cyclic thrombin receptor-derived peptide analogues of the Ser42-Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg46 motif sequence with fixed conformations of pharmacophoric groups: importance of a Phe/Arg/NH2 cluster for receptor activation and implications in the design of nonpeptide thrombin receptor mimetics.
2001 Feb 1
Structure-activity relationships of quinazoline derivatives: dual-acting compounds with inhibitory activities toward both TNF-alpha production and T cell proliferation.
2001 Feb 26
[Inactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase by phenothiazine cationic free radicals].
2001 Jan-Mar
Functional hyperandrogenism detected by corticotropin and GnRH-analogue stimulation tests in women affected by apparently idiopathic hirsutism.
2001 Jul-Aug
Antiproliferative signaling of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells through G protein alpha(I)-mediated activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase.
2001 Jun
Isolation and identification of clozapine metabolites in patient urine.
2001 Jun
Intermolecular and intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloadditions of 3-ylidenepiperazine-2,5-diones and 5-acyloxy-2(1h)-pyrazinones.
2001 Jun 1
On the branching of motoneurons.
2001 Mar
Improved solid-phase peptide synthesis method utilizing alpha-azide-protected amino acids.
2001 Mar 8
Sex hormone replacement therapy reverses decreased venous distensibility in pharmacologically ovariectomized rats.
2001 May-Jun
N1-phenyl substituted 4-quinolones of tuberculostatic activity.
2001 Nov
Evaluation of the absorption, excretion and metabolism of [14C] etoperidone in man.
2001 Nov
Intracellular signaling pathway of FGF-2-modulated corneal endothelial cell migration during wound healing in vitro.
2001 Nov
A post-Amadori inhibitor pyridoxamine also inhibits chemical modification of proteins by scavenging carbonyl intermediates of carbohydrate and lipid degradation.
2002 Feb 1
Lumbrical and interossei recording in severe carpal tunnel syndrome.
2002 Jan
Improvement in the selectivity and metabolic stability of the serotonin 5-HT(1A) ligand, S 15535: a series of cis- and trans-2-(arylcycloalkylamine) 1-indanols.
2002 Jan 3
Patents

Sample Use Guides

No special preparations or other steps (for example, special diet, fasting, other medicines, laxatives, or enemas) are necessary before, during, or immediately after you take piperazine. Piperazine may be taken with or without food or on a full or empty stomach. However, if your doctor tells you to take the medicine a certain way, take it exactly as directed. For patients taking the granules for oral solution form of piperazine: Dissolve the contents of 1 packet of granules in 57 mL (about 2 ounces) of water, milk, or fruit juice. Be sure to drink all of the liquid to get the full dose of medicine. Take this medicine only as directed. Do not take more of it and do not take it more often than your doctor ordered. To do so may increase the chance of serious side effects. To help clear up your infection completely, take this medicine in regularly spaced doses as ordered by your doctor. In some infections, a second treatment with this medicine may be required to clear up the infection completely. Do not miss any doses. For patients taking piperazine for pinworms: Pinworms may be easily passed from one person to another, especially among persons in the same household. Therefore, all household members may have to be treated at the same time to prevent their infection or reinfection. Dosing The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so. The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine. For granules for oral solution dosage form: For common roundworms or pinworms: Adults and teenagers—2 grams three times a day for one day. Treatment may need to be repeated in two weeks. Children—Dose is based on age and/or body weight. Treatment may need to be repeated in two weeks. Up to 2 years of age: Dose must be determined by your doctor. 2 to 8 years of age: 2 grams once a day for one day. 8 to 14 years of age: 2 grams two times a day for one day. For oral suspension dosage form: For common roundworms or pinworms: Adults and teenagers—1.8 grams every four hours for a total of three doses in one day. Treatment may need to be repeated in two weeks. Children—Dose is based on age. Treatment may need to be repeated in two weeks. Up to 2 years of age: 600 milligrams (mg) every four hours for a total of three doses in one day. 2 to 8 years of age: 1.2 grams every six hours for a total of two doses in one day. 8 to 14 years of age: 1.2 grams every four hours for a total of three doses in one day. For tablet dosage form: For common roundworms: Adults and teenagers—3.5 grams (piperazine hexahydrate) per day for two days in a row. Treatment may need to be repeated in one week. Children—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. However, the usual dose is 75 mg (piperazine hexahydrate) per kilogram (34 mg per pound) of body weight per day for two days in a row. Treatment may need to be repeated in one week. For pinworms: Adults and children—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. However, the usual dose is 65 mg (piperazine hexahydrate) per kilogram (29.5 mg per pound) of body weight per day for seven days in a row. Treatment may need to be repeated in one week. Missed Dose If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Unknown
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
Record UNII
17VU4Z4W88
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
PIPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE
GREEN BOOK   HSDB   WHO-DD  
Preferred Name English
PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE
GREEN BOOK   MART.   USP   USP-RS  
Systematic Name English
PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE [USP-RS]
Common Name English
Piperazine hydrochloride [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
ASCAREX D
Brand Name English
PIPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE [HSDB]
Common Name English
PIPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE [GREEN BOOK]
Common Name English
PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE [MART.]
Common Name English
PIPERAZINE WORMER PREMIX
Brand Name English
PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE [GREEN BOOK]
Common Name English
DOWZENE DHC
Brand Name English
PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
CFR 21 CFR 520.2520D
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
EPA PESTICIDE CODE 67401
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
NCI_THESAURUS C250
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
Code System Code Type Description
NCI_THESAURUS
C80008
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID4047096
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DBSALT001623
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000079494
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
HSDB
1182
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RXCUI
2562175
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
17VU4Z4W88
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MESH
C034930
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
8893
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
17VU4Z4W88
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB14887MIG
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1541907
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CAS
142-64-3
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
205-551-2
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:33:42 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
SOLVATE->ANHYDROUS
PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY