Tirzepatide (Mounjaro™) is a single molecule that combines dual agonism of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. Tirzepatide is a GIP receptor and GLP-1 receptor agonist. It is a 39-amino-acid modified peptide with a C20 fatty diacid moiety that enables albumin binding and prolongs the half-life. Tirzepatide selectively binds to and activates both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors, the targets for native GIP and GLP-1. Tirzepatide enhances first- and second-phase insulin secretion, and reduces glucagon levels, both in a glucose-dependent manner. GIP also plays a role in nutrient and energy metabolism, while GLP-1 also delays gastric emptying, supresses appetite and improves satiety. Eli Lilly is developing tirzepatide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, cardiovascular disorders in T2DM, heart failure, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, obstructive sleep apnoea and for reducing mortality/morbidity in obesity. In May 2022, tirzepatide received its first approval in the USA to improve glycaemic control in adults with T2DM, as an adjunct to diet and exercise. Tirzepatide is in phase III development for heart failure, obesity and cardiovascular disorders in T2DM, and in phase II development for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Tirzepatide can also be used off-label for treating obesity. It is currently implemented as a second-line diabetes medication, similar to GLP-1 medications like semaglutide. It is a once-a-week subcutaneous injectable medication with incremental dose increases.

Triptorelin is a synthetic decapeptide agonist analog of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). It works by decreasing the production of certain hormones, which reduces testosterone levels in the body. Animal studies comparing triptorelin to native GnRH found that triptorelin had 13 fold higher releasing activity for luteinizing hormone, and 21-fold higher releasing activity for follicle-stimulating hormone. Triptorelin is indicated for the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer.