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Restrict the search for
nicotine
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There is one exact (name or code) match for nicotine
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2008)
Source:
ANDA078697
(2008)
Source URL:
First approved in 1984
Source:
NDA018612
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Nicotine is a natural alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves and stems of the nightshade family of pants, such as Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica, where it occurs in concentrations of 0.5-8%. Cigarette tobacco varies in its nicotine content, but common blends contain 15-25 mg per cigarette, with a current trend towards lower levels. Nicotine is highly addictive substance, it exhibits a stimulant effect when adsorbed at 2 mg. Administration of higher doses could be harmful. Action of nicotine is mediated by nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Nicotine binds to the interface between two subunits of the receptors, opens the channel and allows the entry of sodium or calcium. The principal mediator of nicotine dependence is α4β2 nicotine receptor.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2008)
Source:
ANDA078697
(2008)
Source URL:
First approved in 1984
Source:
NDA018612
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Nicotine is a natural alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves and stems of the nightshade family of pants, such as Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica, where it occurs in concentrations of 0.5-8%. Cigarette tobacco varies in its nicotine content, but common blends contain 15-25 mg per cigarette, with a current trend towards lower levels. Nicotine is highly addictive substance, it exhibits a stimulant effect when adsorbed at 2 mg. Administration of higher doses could be harmful. Action of nicotine is mediated by nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Nicotine binds to the interface between two subunits of the receptors, opens the channel and allows the entry of sodium or calcium. The principal mediator of nicotine dependence is α4β2 nicotine receptor.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2023)
Source:
ANDA201962
(2023)
Source URL:
First approved in 2006
Source:
CHANTIX by PF PRISM CV
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Varenicline is a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, designed to partially activate this system while displacing nicotine at its sites of action in the brain. Varenicline is an alpha-4 beta-2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist. The drug shows high selectiviyty for this receptor subclass, relative to other nicotinic receptors (>500-fold alpha-3 beta-4, >3500-fold alpha-7, >20,000-fold alpha-1 beta gamma delta) or non-nicotinic receptors and transporters (>2000-fold). The drug competitively inhibits the ability of nicotine to bind to and activate the alpha-4 beta-2 receptor. The drug exerts mild agonistic activity at this site, though at a level much lower than nicotine; it is presumed that this activation eases withdrawal symptoms. Varenicline is sold under the trade name Chantix and Champix, it is indicated for use as an aid to smoking cessation treatment.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2011)
Source:
NDA022497
(2011)
Source URL:
First approved in 1985
Source:
WELLBUTRIN by GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Bupropion, an antidepressant of the aminoketone class and a non-nicotine aid to smoking cessation, is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, or other known antidepressant agents. Compared to classical tricyclic antidepressants, Bupropion is a relatively weak inhibitor of the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. In addition, Bupropion does not inhibit monoamine oxidase. Bupropion produces dose-related central nervous system (CNS) stimulant effects in animals, as evidenced by increased locomotor activity, increased rates of responding in various schedule-controlled operant behavior tasks, and, at high doses, induction of mild stereotyped behavior. Bupropion is marketed as Wellbutrin, Zyban, and generics. Bupropion is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). WELLBUTRIN, WELLBUTRIN SR, and
WELLBUTRIN XL are not approved for smoking cessation treatment, but bupropion under the name ZYBAN is approved for this use.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 331.11(m) antacid:tartrate-containing tartrate (acid or salt)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Tartaric acid is found in many plants such as grapes, tamarinds, pineapples, mulberries and so on. Wine lees (called mud in the US), the sediment collected during the fermentation of grapes, contains potassium bitartrate (potassium hydrogen tartrate) as its major component. L-(+)-tartaric acid is an enantiomer of tartaric acid. Twenty five years before the tetrahedral structure for carbon was proposed in 1874 to explain the optical activity and other properties of organic compounds, Louis Pasteur discovered the existence of enantiomerism in tartaric acid. L-(+)-tartaric acid is widely used in food and beverage as acidity regulator with E number E334.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 358.110(b) wart remover:collodoin-like vehicle salicylic acid
Source URL:
First marketed in 1860
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Methyl salicylate (or methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate), also known as wintergreen oil, is a natural product and is present in white wine, tea, porcini mushroom Boletus edulis, Bourbon vanilla, clary sage, red sage and fruits including cherry, apple, raspberry, papaya and plum. Methyl salicylate is topically used in combination with methanol and under brand name SALONPAS to temporarily relieves mild to moderate aches and pains of muscles and joints associated with: strains, sprains, simple backache, arthritis, bruises. The precise mechanism of action of methyl salicylate is not known, but there is suggested, that it cause dilation of the capillaries thereby increasing blood flow to the area.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
INN:pozanicline [INN]
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Pozanicline is an alpha4-beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptor partial agonist. It had been in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of attention hyperactivity disorder and Alzheimer’s disease. It was tested for the treatment of schizophrenia too. All these studies were discontinued. Modulation of hippocampal learning and memory using Pozanicline in animal model was effective as novel therapeutic strategies for nicotine addiction. However future clinical trial was terminated.
Status:
Investigational
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Dianicline binds with high affinity to the rat and human alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and displays selectivity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR. Electrophysiological experiments indicate that dianicline is a partial agonist at the human alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype. Pretreatment with dianicline reduces the dopamine-releasing and discriminative effects of nicotine. Dianicline shows activity in animal models of nicotine dependence at doses devoid of unwanted side effects typically observed with nicotine. Dianicline did not increase cigarette smoking abstinence rates beyond the initial phase of treatment. However, self-reported craving and nicotine withdrawal symptoms were reduced. The most common adverse event for subjects receiving dianicline was nausea. Other gastrointestinal disorders also tended to be more frequent in the dianicline group, including diarrhea.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT01039701: Phase 2 Interventional Completed Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
(2009)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (UNKNOWN)
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT01551498: Phase 2 Interventional Completed Thyroiditis, Autoimmune
(2012)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT03998735: Phase 1 Interventional Recruiting Smokeless Tobacco
(2021)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Nornicotine is a natural alkaloid produced by plants in the genus Nicotiana and is structurally related to nicotine. Nornicotine is the direct precursor of tobacco-specific nitrosamine N'-nitrosonornicotine, which is a highly potent human carcinogen. Nornicotine is an active nicotine metabolite, which accumulates in brain to pharmacologically relevant concentrations following repeated nicotine administration to rats. Nornicotine stimulated DA release from nucleus accumbens in a nicotinic receptor-mediated manner, further supporting the hypothesis that nornicotine contributes to tobacco dependence. Nornicotine is present in Nicotiana tobaccum in both S(-) and R(+) enantiomeric forms. Nornicotine enantiomeric forms appear to differ in analgesic potency and side effects. Exposure to nornicotine results in additional activation of α7-type receptors, which may be important for effects on cognition and attention. Likewise, the effects of nornicotine on α6-containing receptors may contribute to the reinforcing effects of nicotine, and therefore, is relevant to dependence on tobacco. In contrast to nicotine, nornicotine had relatively low activity on receptors other than those containing α7 or α6 subunits. Yaupon Therapeutics was developing Nornicotine as a once a day oral drug for smoking cessation. However this development was discontinued.
