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Restrict the search for
flucytosine
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There is one exact (name or code) match for flucytosine
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1971)
Source:
NDA017001
(1971)
Source URL:
First approved in 1971
Source:
NDA017001
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Flucytosine (5-flucytosine, Ancobon) is an antifungal agent used for treatment of serious fungal infections caused by Candida or Cryptococcus. A fluorinated cytosine analog it was originally developed as an anti-tumor agent, but was found to be non-effective against tumors. Monotherapy with 5-FC is limited because of the frequent development of pathogens resistance. It is often used in in combination with amphotericin B. The severe side effects of 5-flucytosine include hepatotoxicity and bone-marrow depression. 5-fluorocytosine is a prodrug to the cytotoxic compound 5-fluorouracil. Although the exact mode of action is unknown, it has been proposed that flucytosine acts directly on fungal organisms by competitive inhibition of purine and pyrimidine uptake and indirectly by intracellular metabolism to 5-fluorouracil. Flucytosine is taken up by fungal organisms via the enzyme cytosine permease. Inside the fungal cell, flucytosine is rapidly converted to fluorouracil by the enzyme cytosine deaminase. Fluorouracil exerts its antifungal activity through the subsequent conversion into several active metabolites, which inhibit protein synthesis by being falsely incorporated into fungal RNA or interfere with the biosynthesis of fungal DNA through the inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthetase.
Showing 1 - 7 of 7 results
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1971)
Source:
NDA017001
(1971)
Source URL:
First approved in 1971
Source:
NDA017001
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Flucytosine (5-flucytosine, Ancobon) is an antifungal agent used for treatment of serious fungal infections caused by Candida or Cryptococcus. A fluorinated cytosine analog it was originally developed as an anti-tumor agent, but was found to be non-effective against tumors. Monotherapy with 5-FC is limited because of the frequent development of pathogens resistance. It is often used in in combination with amphotericin B. The severe side effects of 5-flucytosine include hepatotoxicity and bone-marrow depression. 5-fluorocytosine is a prodrug to the cytotoxic compound 5-fluorouracil. Although the exact mode of action is unknown, it has been proposed that flucytosine acts directly on fungal organisms by competitive inhibition of purine and pyrimidine uptake and indirectly by intracellular metabolism to 5-fluorouracil. Flucytosine is taken up by fungal organisms via the enzyme cytosine permease. Inside the fungal cell, flucytosine is rapidly converted to fluorouracil by the enzyme cytosine deaminase. Fluorouracil exerts its antifungal activity through the subsequent conversion into several active metabolites, which inhibit protein synthesis by being falsely incorporated into fungal RNA or interfere with the biosynthesis of fungal DNA through the inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthetase.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2018)
Source:
ANDA091168
(2018)
Source URL:
First approved in 2003
Source:
NDA021500
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Emtricitabine was discovered by Emory researchers Dr. Dennis C. Liotta, Dr. Raymond F. Schinazi and Dr. Woo-Baeg Choi and licensed to Triangle Pharmaceuticals by Emory University in 1996. Triangle was acquired by Gilead in 2003. Emtricitabine, marketed by Gilead as Emtriva, was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in July 2003 for the treatment of HIV infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Emtricitabine, a synthetic nucleoside analog of cytidine, is phosphorylated by cellular enzymes to form emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate. Emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate inhibits the activity of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by competing with the natural substrate deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and by being incorporated into nascent viral DNA which results in chain termination.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2016)
Source:
ANDA205166
(2016)
Source URL:
First approved in 1989
Source:
CYTOVENE by CHEPLAPHARM
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Ganciclovir is a synthetic acyclic nucleoside analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine active against cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir has been shown to be active against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in humans. To achieve anti-CMV activity, ganciclovir is phosphorylated first to the monophosphate form by a CMV-encoded (UL97 gene) protein kinase homologue, then to the di- and triphosphate forms by cellular kinases. Ganciclovir triphosphate concentrations may be 100-fold greater in CMV-infected than in uninfected cells, indicating preferential phosphorylation in infected cells. Ganciclovir triphosphate, once formed, persists for days in the CMV-infected cell. Ganciclovir triphosphate is believed to inhibit viral DNA synthesis by (1) competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerases; and (2) incorporation into viral DNA, resulting in eventual termination of viral DNA elongation. Ganciclovir is indicated for the treatment of CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients, including patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and for the treatment of acute herpetic keratitis.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2017)
Source:
ANDA210124
(2017)
Source URL:
First approved in 1962
Source:
FLUOROURACIL by SPECTRUM PHARMS
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Tegafur (INN, BAN, USAN) is a chemotherapeutic fluorouracil prodrug used in the treatment of cancers. It is a component of the combination drugs tegafur/uracil and tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil. UFT is an anticancer medication composed of a fixed molar ration (1:4) of tegafur and uracil. This drug is commonly used in the treatment of head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, bile-duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer, or uterine cervical cancer. In the body, tegafur is converted into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the active antineoplastic metabolite. The mechanism of cytotoxicity of 5-FU is thought to be derived from the fact that 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine-monophosphate (FdUMP), the active metabolite of 5-FU, competes with deoxyuridine-monophosphate (dUMP), thereby inhibiting thymidylate synthase and subsequently DNA synthesis. Another active metabolite of 5-FU, 5-fluorouridine-triphosphate (FUTP) is integrated into cellular RNA, inhibiting RNA function. Uracil, when combined with tegafur, enhances the antitumor activity of 5-FU due to higher 5-FU concentrations in the tumor tissue versus normal surrounding tissue compared with tegafur alone. Uracil inhibits degradation of the released 5-FU. The combination of these two drugs enhances the antitumor activity of Tegafur.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1995)
Source:
NDA050724
(1995)
Source URL:
First approved in 1958
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Amphotericin B used to treat progressive, potentially life-threatening fungal infections, such as oral thrush, vaginal candidiasis and esophageal candidiasis in patients with normal neutrophil counts. Also, Amphotericin B is often used in otherwise-untreatable protozoan infections such as visceral leishmaniasis and primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. As with other polyene antifungals, amphotericin B binds with ergosterol, a component of fungal cell membranes, forming a transmembrane channel that leads to monovalent ion (K+, Na+, H+ and Cl−) leakage, which is the primary effect leading to fungal cell death.
When administered concurrently, the following drugs may interact with amphotericin B: Antineoplastic agents, Corticosteroids and Corticotropin (ACTH); Digitalis glycosides; Flucytosine; Imidazoles (e.g., ketoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, fluconazole, etc.); Zidovudine; Skeletal muscle relaxants (tubocurarine); Rifabutin; Leukocyte transfusions. The adverse reactions most commonly observed are: fever; malaise; weight loss; hypotension; tachypnea; anorexia; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; dyspepsia; cramping epigastric pain; normochromic, normocytic anemia; pain at the injection site with or without phlebitis or thrombophlebitis; generalized pain, including muscle and joint pains; headache; decreased renal function and renal function abnormalities.
There is no information in the literature related to the biological and/or pharmacological application of 2-Ethoxy-5-fluorouracil.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2013)
First approved in 1958
Class:
MIXTURE
