Kanamycin A is aminoglycoside anti-bacterial agent. Active against many strains of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and epidermis. Some strains of Mycobacterium bacterium are sensitive. Most active in alkaline solution. It binds to bacterial ribosomes and reduces mRNA translation hence reduces protein biosynthesis. However, it also exhibits some toxic effects towards mammalian cells.

P-32 is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with a half-life of 14.29 days. Radioactive decay of P-32 produces beta-particles (electrons) which are able to penetrate tissue at a range of 3-8 mm. Phosphate ion P-32 has many applications in medicine and biology. P32 sodium phosphate was approved by the FDA for the treatment of polycythemia vera, chronic myelocytic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. P32-phosphate may also be used in the palliative treatment of selected patients with multiple areas of skeletal metastases. As metabolic uptake of phosphorus is selectively increased in malignant tissues, P-32 was also used for cancer diagnostics.

Iopanoic acid is a representative iodinated ionic monomeric contrast medium.

AMINOBENZOATE SODIUM is a salt of Aminobenzoic acid. Aminobenzoic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of folate by bacteria, plants, and fungi. Many bacteria, including those found in the human intestinal tract such as E. coli, generate Aminobenzoic acid from chorismate by the combined action of the enzymes 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase and 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase. Plants produce Aminobenzoic acid in their chloroplasts, and store it as a glucose ester (pABA-Glc) in their tissues. Humans lack the enzymes to convert Aminobenzoic acid to folate, so require folate from dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables. In humans, Aminobenzoic acid is considered nonessential and, although it has been referred to historically as "vitamin Bx", is no longer recognized as a vitamin, because most people have colon bacteria that generate Aminobenzoic acid. The potassium salt is used as a drug against fibrotic skin disorders, such as Peyronie's disease, under the trade name Potaba.

Glutamic acid is a non-essential aminoacid used in biosynthesis of proteins. Besides being a building block of proteins, glutamic acid plays a principal role in neural activation. Glutamate is also responsible for the umami (savory) flavor of certain foods. In medicine, glutamate is used as a metabolic supplemnet in patients undergoing coronary surgery.

Pholedrine is a hydroxymethylamphetamine. It is a sympathimimetric drug of low toxicity, which is of great value in conditions of hypotonia, collapse, and circulatory depression. Pholedrine was reported on in 1937 by several investigators, who described its vasopressor action in animals as more potent than that of ephedrine. The drug is grouped with hydroxyamphetamine because of its similarity in structure and hemodynamic pattern. Pholedrine, in small doses, potentiates epinephrine, but in large doses blocks its pressor effect. Pholedrine applied as eye-drops produces mydriasis that is greatly attenuated by guanethidine pretreatment and diminished in patients with postganglionic sympathetic nerve lesions. It might be used to diagnose Horner's syndrome.

Sodium dehydrocholate is a hydrocholeretic and is used to study biliary excretion.

Hypophosphite is a strong reducing agent, that has been used in the 1850s as a remedy for pulmonary tuberculosis. Hypophosphites were used extensively in pharmaceutical preparations, elixirs, and tonics. Hypophosphite does not appear to have adverse toxicological effects, and the sodium, calcium, and potassium salts are considered GRAS. Hypophosphite use in foods may not be limited to one function. Hypophosphites have been used in foods as antioxidants, stabilizers, meat pickling accelerator, and vegetable protein flow inducer.