Napactadine is a bicyclic antidepressant agent. It is a histamine-H1 receptor antagonist. Preliminary results indicated a marked improvement in depressive symptomalology within 7 days of treatment, as measured by the Hamilton depression scale. However, clinical studies were discontinued after chronic administration of napactadine because an elevation in liver enzyme levels was observed in some patients.

Picumeterol (GR114297A) is a potent and highly selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist with a longer duration of action than salbutamol, but shorter than salmeterol. Picumeterol is the (R)-isomer of the racemic entity GR63411B, and picumeterol has been shown to be about 40 times more potent than the (S)-isomer (GR114744A) in various in vitro pharmacological models of beta2-agonist activity. Picumeterol is of potential value in the treatment of asthma and related diseases in man following inhalation administration. In the clinical studies, the bronchodilator potencies of picumeterol and GR 63411B were similar. However, both drugs were short-acting, which is at odds with their activity in vitro. These compounds display dissociation between bronchodilator activity and protection against methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction.

2,2-DIMETHYLBUTYRIC ACID (HQK-1001) is an orally administered SCFAD (Short Chain Fatty Acid Derivative), which has shown an excellent safety profile and biologic effects on fetal hemoglobin induction and red blood cell production in the laboratory, relevant animal models, and in clinical trials carried out in healthy human subjects as well as patients with sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia. The compound has received Orphan Drug Designation in the United States and Europe for both sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia. HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals was developing HQK-1001 for the oral treatment of sickle cell anaemia and beta thalassaemia. HQK-1001 has been evaluated in phase II trials for beta thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia.

Darotropium is a muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist, developed by GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Darotropium in combination with salmeterol was investigated in phase 2 clinical trial in COPD patients. The addition of darotropium to salmeterol in partially reversible COPD patients resulted in greater bronchodilation than salmeterol or tiotropium alone and was well tolerated. In a clinical trial of darotropium as monotherapy, all doses of the drug were well tolerated and demonstrated bronchodilatory activity. However, the rapid onset of bronchodilation was not sustained over 24 h, and GSK has discontinued the development of darotropium in favor of GSK573719, which has more favorable pharmacokinetics.

Cethexonium is a cyclohexanols derivative with antimicrobial activities.

Temiverine was developed as an antimuscarinic and calcium-antagonist agent for the treatment of overactive bladder. Temiverine participated in clinical trials; however, the development of the drug was discontinued on the pre-registration stage.

Piridicillin is the semi-synthetic penicillin. It has exhibited broad-spectrum activity in vitro against gram-positive cocci, except penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and against gram-negative bacilli. Piridicillin is reported to be more active in-vitro than piperacillin, azlocillin or ticarcillin against Ps. aeruginosa. It is unstable at alkaline pH and displays marked inoculum independence.

BIIB021 binds in the ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90, interferes with Hsp90 chaperone function, and results in client protein degradation and tumor growth inhibition. Hsp90 is overexpressed in many types of cancer and acts to stabilize malignancy producing oncoproteins. Therefore, inhibition of Hsp90 with BIIB021 leads to the degradation of oncoproteins that drive malignancy.

Alagebrium (formerly known as ALT-711) - is one of the better known compounds discovered and developed with the intent of repairing a type of accumulated damage that leads to age-related degeneration. In this case, the damage is the buildup of extracellular protein crosslinks, and amongst them the type known as advanced glycation endproducts. The formation of advanced glycation end-products is associated with arterial stiffness in experimental models and alagebrium, an advanced glycation end-product cross-link breaker, has been shown to reduce arterial stiffness in elderly subjects. Alagebrium is an AGE-lowering agent with beneficial effects in renal structural and functional parameters in diabetes, decreased diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis, and age-related myocardial stiffening. ALT-711 exhibits a structural homology to thiamine, and it was suggested to interfere with thiamine metabolism. Enzyme kinetic experiments showed that ALT-711 dose-dependently decreased TDPK activity with K(i)s, calculated by different experiments and fitting models ranging from 0.88 to 1.09 uM. Alagebrium has been investigated for the treatment and prevention of aging, heart failure, physical activity, diabetic nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease, among others. However, this research has been discontinued.

Dazepinil (HRP 543) is a 1,3-benzodiazepine antidepressant, developed by Hoerscht in the early 1980s. In mouse tests, dazepinil inhibited tetrabenazine-induced ptosis and potentiated yohimbine toxicity. In vitro, dazepinil inhibited norepinephrine and serotonin uptake into rat brain synaptosomes and lacked anticholinergic activity.