Micronomicin is a new aminoglycosidic antibiotic discovered and developed by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. It is produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans. Investigation of micronomicin performed in 134 research facilities in Japan led to the following results. 1) Micronomicin showed a broad antibacterial spectrum against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. 2) In susceptibility tests of clinical isolates, micronomicin was almost similarly active to GM. 3) Bactericidal activity of micronomicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli was higher than those of TOB and DKB. 4) Micronomicin showed a synergistic antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli with CBPC and SBPC. 5) The therapeutic activity of micronomicin in mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia sp. was in high correlation with in vitro antibacterial activity similarly to that of GM. Micronomicin (sold under the brand names Sagamicin and Luxomicina among others) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, and like others in its class, binds to the ribosomes of non-resistant cells causing mistranscription of mRNA which fatally inhibits production of essential proteins. Micronomicin sulfate can inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, while destroy the bacterial cell wall. Micronomicin has an antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shara, Escherichia coli, etc. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pneumococcus are sensitive to it, but its activity on anaerobic bacteria and some hemolytic streptococcus is weak.

Nicergoline is a semisynthetic ergoline derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. Nicergoline seems to have an action: (i) as an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, it induces vasodilation and increases arterial blood flow; (ii) it enhances cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmitter function; (iii) it inhibits platelet aggregation; (iv) it promotes metabolic activity, resulting in increased utilization of oxygen and glucose; and (v) it has neurotrophic and antioxidant properties. Nicergoline has been suggested to ameliorate cognitive deficits in cerebrovascular disease.

Morclofon is an antitussive agent.

Kainic acid (kainate) is a natural marine acid present in some seaweed. Kainic acid is a potent neuroexcitatory amino acid that acts by activating receptors for glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Kainic acid is commonly injected into laboratory animal models to study the effects of experimental ablation. Kainic acid is a direct agonist of the glutamic kainate receptors and large doses of concentrated solutions produce immediate neuronal death by overstimulating neurons to death. Such damage and death of neurons is referred to as an excitotoxic lesion. Thus, in large, concentrated doses kainic acid can be considered a neurotoxin, and in small doses of dilute solution kainic acid will chemically stimulate neurons. Kainic acid is utilised in primary neuronal cell cultures and acute brain slice preparations [5] to study of the physiological effect of excitotoxicity and assess the neuroprotective capabilities of potential therapeutics. Kainic acid is a potent central nervous system excitant that is used in epilepsy research to induce seizures in experimental animals, at a typical dose of 10–30 mg/kg in mice. In addition to inducing seizures, kainic acid is excitotoxic and epileptogenic. Kainic acid induces seizures via activation of kainate receptors containing the GluK2 subunit and also through activation of AMPA receptors, for which it serves as a partial agonist.

Sucrosofate (sucrose octasulfate) is a class of organic compounds known as disaccharide sulfates carrying one or more sulfate group on a sugar unit. It is used to encapsulate some anticancer drugs in liposomes allowing for highly active formulations against solid tumors and immunotargeting to cancer-overexpressing cell surface receptors. ONIVYDE (liposomal irinotecan) for intravenous use encapsulates an aqueous space containing irinotecan in a gelated or precipitated state as the sucrose octasulfate salt was initially approved by FDA in 1996 for treatment of pancreatic cancer. Sucrose octasulfate (SOS), a chemical analogue of heparin, has been demonstrated to activate fibroblast growth factors signalling pathways and SOS-mediated dimerization of FGF1 was observed. SOS can suppress thrombin generation in plasma that suggests a potential for oversulfated disaccharides in controlling heparin cofactor II -regulated thrombin generation.

Sucrosofate (sucrose octasulfate) is a class of organic compounds known as disaccharide sulfates carrying one or more sulfate group on a sugar unit. It is used to encapsulate some anticancer drugs in liposomes allowing for highly active formulations against solid tumors and immunotargeting to cancer-overexpressing cell surface receptors. ONIVYDE (liposomal irinotecan) for intravenous use encapsulates an aqueous space containing irinotecan in a gelated or precipitated state as the sucrose octasulfate salt was initially approved by FDA in 1996 for treatment of pancreatic cancer. Sucrose octasulfate (SOS), a chemical analogue of heparin, has been demonstrated to activate fibroblast growth factors signalling pathways and SOS-mediated dimerization of FGF1 was observed. SOS can suppress thrombin generation in plasma that suggests a potential for oversulfated disaccharides in controlling heparin cofactor II -regulated thrombin generation.

Paramethasone is a glucocorticoid. It exerts anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions. Paramethasone stimulates the synthesis of enzymes needed to decrease anti-inflammatory response. It suppresses the immune system by reducing activity and volume of the lymphatic system, thus producing lymphocytopenia decreasing passage of immune complexes and possibly by depressing reactivity of tissue to antigen-antibody interactions.

Methadyl Acetate is a narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action. Methadyl Acetate is primarily a mu-type opioid receptor agonist and the drug decreases a patient's opioid use by preventing opioid withdrawal. Levacetylmethadol, the enantiomer of Methadyl Acetate, was approved in 1993 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in the treatment of opioid dependence. In 2001, levacetylmethadol was removed from the U.S. market due to reports of life-threatening ventricular rhythm disorders.

Cytarabine ocfosfate (commercial name: Starasid) is a prodrug having stearyl group attached to phosphoric acid at 5' position of arabinose moiety of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). This drug is given orally. The mode of action is in the inhibition of DNA synthesis after conversion to Ara-CTP as in Ara-C. The drug is metabolized in the liver, producing the intermediate metabolite, C-C3PCA which is converted to Ara-C gradually. This property results in the maintenance of relatively long time the blood Ara-C levels. This was proved to be active clinically against acute leukemia and MDS.

Cefmatilen (codenamed S-1090) is an orally-active cephalosporin antibiotic, that shows high activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Streptococcus pyogenes and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.