Cis-4-methoxycinnamic acid is a less frequent isomer of 4-methoxycinnamic acid, isolated from from Aquilegia vulgaris.

Antimonic acid is an inorganic acid formed by antimony. As an ion-exchange material crystalline antimonic acid may be used for the regeneration of heteropolyacid catalysts. In addition, as a proton conductor, it may be used for gas sensing.

Glucaric acid is a non-toxic, naturally occurring compound, which is found in small amounts in plants and mammals, including humans. Salts of glucaric acid have potent antiproliferative properties in vivo. The risk of cancer development can be reduced by ingesting food rich in glucaric acid or self-medication with its salts. Glucaric acid inhibits bacterial beta-glucuronidase, thus increasing the excretion of conjugated xenobiotic compounds and decreasing activity of harmful substances. Inhibition of beta-glucuronidase ultimately results in potentially decreasing the risk of carcinogenesis. Calcium salt of the acid demonstrated anti-cancer activity in patients with breast cancer (phase I clinical trial) and in preclinical models of liver, lung, colon and skin cancers. Calcium-D-glucarate is being marketed as a dietary supplement.

4-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid (GABOB) is an endogenous ligand found in the central nervous system in mammals. γ-Amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid is a derivative of the neurotransmitter GABA. It has been claimed to be of value in neurological disorders and to have an antihypertensive effect. γ-Amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid can help overcome stress and anxiety, improve learning and boost memory function. It is also known to increase growth hormone levels, which help the body heal and rejuvenate itself. There are no reported side effects of γ-Amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid when taken at therapeutic dosages. At high dosages, some slight drowsiness may occur. Adverse effects have included dizziness and anorexia also.

Disodium iminodiacetate is a salt of iminodiacetic acid (IDA). The iminodiacetate anion can act as a tridentate ligand to form a metal complex with two, fused, five-membered chelate rings. Iminodiacetic acid is used to diagnose problems of the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts in an imaging procedure, called as hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan. A nuclear medicine scanner tracks the flow of the tracer from the liver into the gallbladder and small intestine and creates computer images. In addition, iminodiacetate is a part of the iminodiacetate-modified poly-L-lysine dendrimer (IMPLD), a fluorescent bone-imaging agent. IMPLD is used in the diagnosis of bone tumors, or to be used for the delivery of chemotherapy drugs or therapeutic agents. Bones differ from other body tissues in their unique calcium mineral composition, which consists mainly of hydroxyapatite (HA). IDA functionalization could be used as a general approach to bone targeting by increasing affinity for HA, enabling the transport of other molecules or particles to bones.

Abscisic Acid ((2Z,4E)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid) is a plant hormone and growth regulator that is involved in several physiological mechanisms including seed dormancy, leaf abscission, stomatal movement, and plant stress responses. Through complex interactions with several intracellular signaling systems, it can regulate the expression of hundreds of plant genes. Abscisic Acid has also been found to be present in metazoans, from sponges up to mammals including humans. Currently, its biosynthesis and biological role in animals is poorly known. Abscisic acid has recently been shown to elicit potent anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects in mouse models of diabetes/obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, and influenza infection. Many biological effects in animals have been studied using Abscisic Acid as a nutraceutical or pharmacognostic drug, but Abscisic Acid is also generated endogenously by some cells. There are also conflicting conclusions from different studies, where some claim that Abscisic acid is essential for pro-inflammatory responses whereas other show anti-inflammatory effects. Like with many natural substances with medical properties, Abscisic Acid has become popular also in naturopathy. While Abscisic Acid clearly has beneficial biological activities and many naturopathic remedies will contain high levels of Abscisic Acid (such as wheatgrass juice, fruits, and vegetables), some of the health claims made may be exaggerated or overly optimistic. In mammalian cells Abscisic Acid targets a protein known as lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2), triggering an alternative mechanism of activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma).

Iopronic acid is a triiodide derivative of aminophenol. In the 1980s it was used as a contrast medium for oral cholecystography. Iopronic acid was marketed under tradenames Bilimiro, Bilimiron, Oravue, Videobil.

12-aminododecanoic acid is used in industrial applications as a monomer for the manufacture of polyamide, polymers, thermoplastics, intermediate in the production of glue. 12-aminododecanoic acid has being used as a tether to crosslink interfacial peptides in the process of identification of potent HIV-1 protease dimerization inhibitors. 12-Aminododecanoic acid is also used in the laboratory as a reagent. Its main industrial use is as monomer or reactant. 12-Aminododecanoic acid is not known to cause remarkable adverse human health or environmental effects, but after repeated oral ingestion in rats, it showed adverse effects for kidney and hematological and blood chemical changes in the higher doses tested.

BENZOIC ACID, 4,4'-(1,3-PROPANEDIYLBIS(OXY))BIS- (CPP-BIS) is a building block for polyanhydrides, which is a class of bioerodible polymer containing drug delivery applications. The polyanhydride copolymer system which currently enjoys the most widespread interest in its medical applications employs the monomers sebacic acid (SA) and CPP-BIS (Polifeprosan). Polifeprosan is a biodegradable copolymer used to control the release of carmustine in GLIADEL Wafer. GLIADEL Wafer is an implant for intracranial use, containing carmustine, a nitrosourea alkylating agent. GLIADEL Wafer is indicated in newly-diagnosed high-grade malignant glioma patients and in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Most common adverse reactions of GLIADEL Wafer are cerebral edema, asthenia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, wound healing abnormalities and depression.

Mifamurtide (liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine; trade name Mepact) is an immunomodulator with antitumor effects that appear to be mediated via activation of monocytes and macrophages. After intravenous administration, mifamurtide is selectively phagocytosed by monocytes and macrophages. Cytosolic Mifamurtide specifically interacts with nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) receptor that induces nuclear factor (NF)-kB activation and is implicated in innate immune defense. Activation of monocyte-mediated tumoricidal function was observed following in vivo treatment with mifamurtide in phase I/II clinical trials. Intravenous administration of mifamurtide inhibited tumor growth and increased survival in rodent models of lung and liver metastasis. In a large, randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase III trial, the addition of adjuvant (postoperative) mifamurtide to three- or four-drug combination chemotherapy (doxorubicin, cisplatin, and high-dose methotrexate with, or without, ifosfamide) was associated with a statistically significant improvement in overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed, high-grade, non-metastatic, resectable osteosarcoma. The pattern of outcome was generally similar in a small cohort of patients with metastatic disease who were enrolled in this trial. Mifamurtide is generally well tolerated; adverse events attributed to administration of the drug include chills, fever, headache, nausea, and myalgias. In the EU, mifamurtide is indicated in children, adolescents, and young adults for the treatment of high-grade, resectable, non-metastatic osteosarcoma after macroscopically complete surgical resection; it is administered by intravenous infusion in conjunction with postoperative multiagent chemotherapy. In the US, mifamurtide is currently an investigational agent that holds orphan drug status for the treatment of osteosarcoma.