Mesaconitine is a diterpene alkaloid, from the plants of the Aconitum genus, Ranunculaceae. Mesaconitine is a centrally acting analgesic without affinity to opioid receptors. It has been reported that the antinociception is due to an interaction with the noradrenergic system. As a neurotoxic, it opens the TTX-sensitive Na+ channels in the heart and other tissues and induces arrhythmia. The activity of Mesaconitine, which is a chemical analog of Aconitine, on TTX sensitive Na+ channels in the heart and other tissues is stronger than that of Aconitine. The duration of its neurotoxic effect is shorter. It possesses an hypotensive activity. The hypotensive action is not inhibited by an adrenergic b-blocker but abolished with muscarinic blocker. It may be partially mediated by a muscarinic mechanism. Mesaconitine binds with high affinity to the open state of the voltage-sensitive sodium channels at site 2, thereby causing a persistent activation of the sodium channels, which become refractory to excitation.

Rhamnetin is phenolic flavonoid compound and methylated derivatives of quercetin commonly found in fruits and vegetables that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Rhamnetin can be found in cloves, sweet wormwood, and green vegetables such as coriander leaves and seeds Cloves and coriander are common elements in many types of cuisine. Similar amounts of rhamnetin are found in apple pomace, peanuts, sour cherries, and radishes.8 It is generally considered that a regular intake of small amounts of the above-mentioned fruits and vegetables, which are commonly available, serves a protective role in preventing various diseases. Rhamnetin suppressed the mouse macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1, MIP-2), and mouse TNF-α cytokine production in LPS-stimulated macrophages. A nontoxic dose of rhamnetin also suppressed NO production. Rhamnetin acts as a promising sensitizer to chemotherapy and may be a novel approach to overcome the multi-drug resistance process of hepatocellular carcinoma.

26-deoxyactein are tetracyclic triterpenoids compound isolated from rhizome of the cimicifuga herbs with a wide range of biological activities including antitumor activity, which is associated with cell cycle arrest and angiogenesis inhibition.

The potential effect of Cimicifugic acid B has being shown in preventing collagen degradation by collagenases or collagenolytic enzymes under pathological conditions, wound healing, or inflammation. Cimicifugic acid B inhibited neutrophil elastase with an IC50 of 11.4 umol/L. Cimicifugic acid B also inhibited HCT116 colon cancer cell growth.