4-Methoxycinnamic acid was isolated from the Argentinian medicinal plant Baccharis grisebachii and its antimicrobial activity was evaluated. This acid showed a potent antibacterial and antifungal effect with higher growth inhibition against fungal species compared to bacteria, and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were equally inhibited by the compound. 4-Methoxycinnamic acid is used as a component of many sunscreens due to its ability to absorb UVB.

Secalciferol (24,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D 3/24R,25(OH)(2)D(3)) is suggested to be an essential hormone for the process of bone fracture healing, it has a physiological role in human bone and mineral metabolism, leading to an enhancement of osteocalcin synthesis. Secalciferol is possibly to bind a nuclear protein vitamin D receptor (VDR) to the ligand binding domain, which is stereo-specific for Secalciferol. The downstream effect will be triggered after the binding, including the inhibition of calcium channel to regulate the calcium homeostasis, and the following reduction of p53 and Pi-induced cytochrome C translocation

S-Adenosylmethionine (often referred to as SAMe) is a methyl donor and a cofactor for enzyme-catalyzed methylations, including catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). Although present in all cells, it is concentrated in liver where 85% of all methylation reactions occur. SAM is anti-apoptotic in normal hepatocytes and normal colon epithelial cells but pro-apoptotic in liver human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HepG2 cells and colon cancer cells. Because of structural instability, stable salt forms of SAM are required for its use as an oral drug. The commonly used salts: tosylate, butanedisulfonate, disulfate tosylate, disulfate ditosylate, and disulfate monotosylate. SAMe has been marketed in some European countries since the mid-1980s for the treatment of depression and for other medical conditions such as osteoarthritis (joint disease that causes joint pain and stiffness), fibromyalgia (widespread pain and stiffness). In addition, it is used to treat liver disease and migraine headaches. However, it is not formally approved in the UK for the treatment of depression, and in the USA, it is classified only as a dietary supplement. Some research suggests that it is more effective than placebo in treating mild-to-moderate depression and is just as effective as antidepressant medications without the side effects (headaches, sleeplessness, and sexual dysfunction). In addition, antidepressants tend to take 6 to 8 weeks to begin working, while It seems to begin more quickly. Researchers are not sure how SAMe works to relieve depression. But they speculate it might increase the amount of serotonin in the brain just as some antidepressants do. Many studies have examined injectable forms of SAMe, not oral supplements.

Antimonic acid is an inorganic acid formed by antimony. As an ion-exchange material crystalline antimonic acid may be used for the regeneration of heteropolyacid catalysts. In addition, as a proton conductor, it may be used for gas sensing.

Midecamycin (Acetate) is a macrolide antibiotic with actions and uses similar to those of erythromycin but somewhat less active. It is synthesized from Streptomyces mycarofaciens. It has been given by mouth to treat variety of bacterial infections like respiratory tract, ear, skin infections etc. Antibiotics require constant drug level in body for therapeutic effect. This is achieved by taking the drug at regular interval of time throughout the day and night as prescribed. Midecamycin (Acetate) is primarily indicated in conditions like Bronchitis, Laryngopharyngitis, Otitis media, Periodontitis, Pneumonia, Respiratory tract infections, Skin infections, Subcutaneous abscess, Tonsillitis. Midecamycin inhibits bacterial growth by targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit preventing peptide bond formation and translocation during protein synthesis. Resistance to midecamycin is commonly attributed to mutations in 50S rRNA preventing midecamycin binding allowing the cell to synthesize proteins free of error.

Besipirdine is a potential novel first-in-class oral treatment for over active bladder currently in Phase II development, with a mechanism of action clearly different from that of antimuscarinics. It was under evaluation by Aventis up to phase III for Alzheimer’s disease, involving the administration of the compound to over 1500 patients. However, this research has been discontinued. Besipirdine antagonizes alpha-2 and alpha-1 adrenoceptors and inhibits both norepinephrine and serotonin uptake. The most common adverse events were asymptomatic postural hypotension and asymptomatic bradycardia.

Hematoporphyrin (Photodyn), a porphyrin prepared from hemin, is used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy is based on the use of light-sensitive photosensitizers. Photoactivation causes the formation of singlet oxygen, which produces peroxidative reactions that can cause cell damage and death. Hematoporphyrin was used as the therapeutic agent in patients with manic-depressive reactions and in patients with involutional melancholia. One of the last studies has shown, that Hematoporphyrin-Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with stent placement is an effective and safe treatment for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC).

Teclozan, an antiprotozoal agent, was used to treat the intestinal amebiasis. Teclozan prevents the formation of arachidonic acid in the parasite by intervening in the phospholipid metabolism.

Emepronium bromide (Cetiprina) is a quarternary ammonium compound with anticholinergic effects. It is mainly used in the treatment of urinary frequency, urge and urge incontinence and is usually administered orally and occasionally intramuscularly. Emepronium bromide was introduced into Britain, after having been used in Sweden for a number of years. The drug was advocated especially for elderly patients suffering from nocturia and urgency with incontinence, when these were due to causes other than obstruction. It was also advocated for enuresis and hypertonic bladder states following surgery or radiotherapy.

Tolrestat is an orally active aldose reductase inhibitor. It was used for the pharmacological control of certain diabetic complications. It was discontinued by Wyeth in 1997 because of the risk of severe liver toxicity and death.