Odalprofen was used as an analgesic. Information about the current use of this compound is not available.

LASCUFLOXACIN, a fluoroquinolone derivative, is an antibacterial agent with a broad spectrum of activity against various clinical isolates. It is under development for the treatment of respiratory tract infections and community-acquired pneumonia.

Xorphanol (also known as TR5379M) is a full κ-opioid receptor agonist and is a partial agonist at μ opioid receptor. Clinically, xorphanol was studied as an orally active analgesic that provided effective pain relief but showed low physical dependence liability. Further development of this drug was discontinued.

Cerium is a grey metal. It is little used because it tarnishes easily, reacts with water and burns when heated. Cerium is the major component of mischmetal alloy (just under 50%). The best-known use for this alloy is in ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters. This is because cerium will make sparks when struck. The only other element that does this is iron. Cerium(Ill) oxide has uses as a catalyst. It is used in the inside walls of self-cleaning ovens to prevent the build-up of cooking residues. It is also used in catalytic converters. Cerium(III) oxide nanoparticles are being studied as an additive for diesel fuel to help it burn more completely and reduce exhaust emissions. Cerium sulfide is a non-toxic compound that is a rich red color. It is used as a pigment. Cerium is also used in flat-screen TVs, low-energy light bulbs and floodlights. A cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) has a wide range of applications in different fields, especially biomedical division. As a matter of concern, it has a major impact on the human health and environment. Nanoceria was toxic towards human cancer cell lines. They can lead to the release of free radicals and oxidative stress ultimately leading to cell membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. However, ROS mediated DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. Finally, nanoceria can be used for several biomedical applications mostly for ROS related diseases like cardiac diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. So, the ROS scavenging nanoceria can be considered as an alternative therapy for oxidative stress and several diseases and disorders.

LEIOPYRROLE is an antispasmodic agent.

LANIQUIDAR is a P-glycoprotein inhibitor. It was used in trials studying the treatment of breast cancer.

Dulofibrate is a fibrate derivative with antilipidemic activity. Unlike clofibrate, dulofibrate is selective for a reduction in triglycerides. Dulofibrate decreased the conjugation of nopol. Dulofibrate exhibited a clofibrate-like effect on the induction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, characterized by an increase in lauric acid 12-hydroxylation and bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities. Dulofibrate and fenofibrate have been shown to possess an equal potency as peroxisome proliferators.

Sotrastaurin, an orally-active, first-in-class immunomodulator, is under development by Novartis for the treatment of uveal melanoma and diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma. Sotrastaurin is a low molecular mass synthetic compound that potently inhibits the PKC α, β and the θ isoforms resulting in selective NF-κB inactivation. Sotrastaurin is a potent and selective pan-PKC inhibitor, mostly for PKCθ with Ki of 0.22 nM in a cell-free assay. Inhibition of PKC beta in B-cells results in prevention of NF-kB-mediated signaling and down regulation of NF-kB target genes. This may eventually lead to an induction of G1 cell cycle arrest and tumor cell apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. This agent may act synergistically with other chemotherapeutic agents. PKC, a family of serine/threonine protein kinases overexpressed in certain types of cancer cells, is involved in cell differentiation, mitogenesis, inflammation, and the activation and survival of lymphocytes. Sotrastaurin is currently in phase II trials by Novartis for the treatment of large B-cell lymphoma and uveal melanoma. Sotrastaurin was in Phase II of clinical development for the prevention of acute rejection after solid organ transplantation and psoriasis, but this reseach had being discontinued.

Glutaurine is formed from the amino group of taurine with the gamma-carboxy group of L-glutamic acid. It was originally discovered in the parathyroid. Evidence has been found suggesting that glutaurine plays a role in peripheral thyroid hormonal regulation. Glutaurine increases triiodothyronine (T3) levels, but does not alter thyroxine (T4) levels. Glutaurine was also shown to prevent electroconvulsive shock-induced amnesia by counteracting the shock effect on the memory consolidation phase. Other roles that have been suggested for glutaurine include roles as a mouse metabolite, a mammalian metabolite, a human metabolite, an anticonvulsant, an anxiolytic drug and a hormone.