Linaprazan is a member of a new group of acid-suppressing agents, which unlike proton pump inhibitors, act through potassium-competitive inhibition of the H+,K+-ATPase located in the apical membrane of parietal cells. It displayed rapid inhibition of acid production and had a prolonged, dose-dependent duration of effect. Linaprazan reduced porcine renal Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity by 9+/-2%, demonstrating a high selectivity for H(+),K(+)-ATPase. It provided similar efficacy to esomeprazole in terms of esophagitis healing and heartburn control.

Lodazecar is a benzodiazepine derivative, which does not bind to the brain benzodiazepine receptor. The drug shares some similarity in tertiary structure with the cholesterol molecule. Oral administration of lodazecar in the cholesterol-fed rat is associated with significant changes in plasma lipoproteins and in key enzymes controlling hepatic cholesterol metabolism. In human the treatment reduced both the fractional and the absolute cholesterol absorption and increased fecal neutral sterol excretion by about 50%, serum plant sterol levels were reduced, most probably because of diminished sterol absorption. Biliary cholesterol secretion was unchanged.

Coumazoline is a vasoconstrictor developed as a nasal decongestant by a French corporation Labez. Intravenous administration of the compound to dogs lead to a marked and prolonged drop in the temperature of the gingival mucosa. In rats, coumazoline caused slowing of the dye diffusion on the surface of the skin. The compound did not influence the ciliary motility, as was measured on an isolated guinea pig trachea.

Dutogliptin (PHX-1149T) is a small-molecule dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the potential oral treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DPP-4 quickly degrades the insulin secretory hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1; thus inhibiting the degradation of these hormones is a viable treatment option for patients with T2DM. In preclinical studies, dutogliptin potently inhibited DPP-4 and, in a model of T2DM, treatment with dutogliptin improved glucose homeostasis. Pharmacokinetic analyses in animals, healthy individuals and patients with T2DM demonstrated that drug exposure increased in a dose-dependent manner. Results from phase II clinical trials indicated that once-daily dutogliptin, in combination with other oral diabetes therapies, reduces postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c levels, both indicators of successful diabetes management. The incidence of adverse events was similar in treatment and placebo groups, with slightly more headache, arthralgia, sinusitis, and dizziness occurring in the 400 mg dutogliptin group compared with placebo. Phase II clinical trial for the myocardial infarction treatment is underway.

Clopipazan (SKF-69634) is an antipsychotic drug related to thioxanthenes. Quantitative pharmaco-EEG analyses showed systematic effects on human brain function with doses as low as 10 mg. In the early phase 2 clinical studies on chronic schizophrenic patients, however, the drug appeared to have a slow onset of action and weak neuroleptic potency.

Sabarubicin (previously known as MEN-10755), a disaccharide analog of doxorubicin that was developed by Menarini Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of solid tumors, including small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer. Sabarubicin exhibits a superior antitumor efficacy, presumably related to the activation of p53-independent apoptosis. The drug participated in phase II clinical trials to study its effectiveness in treating patients who have progressive prostate cancer that has not responded to hormone therapy and in chemotherapy-naive patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer. On 21 December 2004, the European Commission granted the orphan designation to Menarini for sabarubicin for the treatment of small cell lung cancer.

Quinuclium Bromide Anhydrous is quinuclidinium derivative with potential analgesic activity. In preclinical studies, Quinuclium possessed significant chronic antihypertensive activity in mecamylamine- and renal-hypertensive dogs. Quinuclium was approximately 4 times more potent than guanethidine in the former model and 3 times as potent in the latter. Quinuclium reduced orthostatic blood pressure responses in unanesthetized rabbits but was approximately 10 times less potent than guanethidine. Quinuclium did not affect cardiac output, heart rate or stroke volume in anesthetized open-chest dogs and moderately increased mean blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. It produced diuresis and saluresis in anesthetized dogs but did not influence water or electrolyte urinary excretion in conscious rats. Quinuclium was more effective than guanethidine in blocking adrenergic neurons and depleting heart norepinephrine levels in experimental animals.

CEP-32496 (RXDX 105) is an orally administered, small molecule, VEGFRsparing, RET, BRAF, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of solid tumours, including malignant melanoma and colorectal cancer. CEP-32496 was originally discovered by Ambit Biosciences (now Daiichi Sankyo) and Cephalon (now owned by Teva) as part of a research programme to develop orally administered kinase inhibitors. The worldwide rights to the compound were licensed to Teva by Ambit, following the acquisition of Cephalon by Teva. Teva, in March 2015, entered into an asset purchase agreement with Ignyta, pursuant to which, Ignyta has acquired worldwide rights and assets of four oncology development programmes, including CEP-32496. Following the acquisition of the compound by Ignyta, CEP 32496 has been renamed to RXDX 105. Phase I/Ib development of RXDX 105 for the treatment of advanced solid tumours is underway in the US.

Adoprazine (SVL-313) is a full 5-HT1A receptor agonist and full D2/3 receptor antagonist possessing characteristics of an atypical antipsychotic, representing a potential novel treatment for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This drug together with some others, e.g. Mazapertine succinate, PF-217830 was discontinued from clinical trials due to either non-optimal pharmacokinetic properties or insufficient therapeutical efficacy.

Carfentanil is a synthetic fentanyl analog. It is a mu-opioid receptor agonist with an estimated analgesic potency approximately 10,000 times that of morphine and 20-30 times that of fentanyl, based on animal studies. Receptor binding studies have shown that carfentanil binds selectively and competitively to the μ subtype of opioid receptors relative to δ and κ opioid receptors. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the pharmacodynamic effects, such as analgesia and constipation, produced by carfentanil are similar to other μ opioid agonists. Its extreme potency and propensity to produce rapid and profound respiratory depression has prompted recommendations that an opioid antagonist, such as naloxone or naltrexone, be available whenever carfentanil is used or suspected to be present. Carfentanil (Wildnil) has been used in veterinary as a prescription-only general anesthetic for intramuscular injection in large animals. Carfentanil is no longer FDA-approved for use in animals after Wildlife Laboratories withdrew the application for Wildnil. Carfentanyl is increasingly involved in opioid overdose deaths among illicit opioid users.