TNP-470 (AGM-1470, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-methoxy-4- [(2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) -oxiranyl]-1-oxaspiro[2,5]oct-6-yl(chloroacetyl) carbamate) is an anti-angiogenic, semisynthetic analogue of fumagillin, a known antibiotic secreted by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus fresenius, which is under clinical development for the treatment of cancer by Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd. in Japan and TAP Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in the United States. TNP-470 binds to and irreversibly inactivates methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2), resulting in endothelial cell cycle arrest late in the G1 phase and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. This agent may also induce the p53 pathway, thereby stimulating the production of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and inhibiting angiogenesis. In early clinical reports, TNP-470 is tolerated up to 177 mg/m(2) with neurotoxic effects (fatigue, vertigo, ataxia, and loss of concentration) being the principal dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). TNP-470 is being evaluated in Phase I-II trials in the US in patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma, cervical cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma.

Quilostigmine (also known as NXX-066) is an isoquinolinecarboxylate patented by Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc as a memory enhancer. Quilostigmine acts as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and studies as a potential drug for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Quilostigmine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but the oral bioavailability poor to moderate in rats and dogs because of pre-systemic metabolism. In preclinical studies has demonstrated activity in animal models of memory function. In clinical trials, Quilostigmine was well tolerated in healthy subjects up to a single dose of 64 mg and multiple doses of 60 mg QD for seven days

Betulinic acid (BA) is a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid that exerts potent anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. It`s anticancer property is linked to its ability to induce apoptotic cell death in cancer cells by triggering the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. In contrast to the cytotoxicity of betulinic acid against a variety of cancer types, normal cells and tissue are relatively resistant to betulinic acid, pointing to a therapeutic window. Compounds that exert a direct action on mitochondria present promising experimental cancer therapeutics, since they may trigger cell death under circumstances in which standard chemotherapeutics fail. Thus, mitochondrion-targeted agents such as betulinic acid hold great promise as a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of human cancers. Betulinic acid has antiretroviral, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Betulinic acid exerts its inhibitory effect by preventing topoisomerase I-DNA interaction as a result of which the 'cleavable complex' is not formed. In consequence, it also acts as an antagonist to camptothecin-mediated cleavage. The antitumor pharmacological effects of BA consist of triggering apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, regulating the cell cycle and the angiogenic pathway via factors, including specificity protein transcription factors, cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor, inhibiting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathways, preventing the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, and affecting the expression of topoisomerase I, p53 and lamin B1. Betulinic Acid has also been used in trials studying the treatment of Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome. Betulinic acid acts as anti-melanoma agent through inhibiting aminopeptidase N activity with IC50 of 7.3 uM. Betulinic acid is an inhibitor of HIV-1 with EC50 of 1.4 uM.

FLUACIZINE, a member of phenothiazines, is a tricyclic antidepressant developed in Russia. It is the trifluoromethyl analog of chloracizine.

FLUCIPRAZINE is an antitussive, antiemetic, neuroleptic agent.

Diethadione is the analeptic drug. The injection of diethadione is followed by a significant increase in tidal volume and decrease in breathing rate. Comparison of the alveolar ventilation obtained for each subject with and without administration of diethadione showed a significant increase after treatment. Diethadione may be successfully used in order to “activate” the EEG tracing of epileptic patients having a normal resting EEG pattern, as its administration is followed, in a high proportion of cases, by the appearance of specific alterations of convulsive type. The diethadione is absorbed also by oral route, and well tolerated, in active doses, by all the routes of administration; when the circulatory conditions are normal, it does not exert any significant influence over heart rate or blood pressure. It possess a strong simulant activity on the CNS and especially on the respiratory center. Diethadione appeared to be, on a weight basis, about 5 times as active as pentamethylenetetrazol.

Dicresulene is the antiseptic agent. It was used as a hemostatic drug for the control of persistent bleeding.

Diclonixin is the analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.

Diclofensine is an antidepressant with equipotent inhibitive effects on the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin, and dopamine. It is devoid of monoamine-releasing or monoaminoxidase-inhibiting properties. Diclofensine was found to be an effective antidepressant in human trials, with relatively few side effects, but was ultimately dropped from clinical development.

Cinfenoac is a chalcone derivative patented by a pharmaceutical company Biorex Laboratories from the UK. The compound is claimed for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic conditions, as well as for the treatment of the ulcerous condition of the gastrointestinal tract.