Isovitexin (apigenin-6-C-glucoside), an isomer of vitexin, is found in plants such as pigeon pea, Passiflora, bamboo, mimosa, wheat leaves, rice hull of Oryza sativa and others. Isovitexin is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The highest level of intravenously administrated isovitexin was examined in kidney, liver, lung, and lowest in the brain. Isovitexin helps to stimulate apoptotic cell death and autophagy of various cancer cells through the upstream regulation of Bax, PARP, p-JNK, and MAPK and the downstream regulation of the caspases Bcl-2 and ERK1/2. Isovitexin has been proved to have various activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's disease and others.

R-1485 is a lead candidate identified from Roche Pharmaceuticals research programme for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Selective and high affinity 5-HT6 antagonist; displays low hERG inhibition. Exhibits >100 fold selectivity against a panel of 50 targets including other 5-HT receptor subtypes. R-1485 is currently in Phase I trials at Roche for the treatment of Alzheimer’s type dementia. This compound showed a pKi value of 9.3 when it was tested for inhibition of [3H]-LSD binding to human 5-HT6 receptors expressed in HEK293 cells. In addition, it was also found that in rats this agent has good BBB permeability.

Isoorientin is a common C-glycosyl flavone in the human diet. It has been isolated from several plant species, including Phyllostachys pubescens, Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus pentagyna, Patrinia villosa Juss, Drosophyllum lusitanicum, buckwheat, Arum palaestinum, and Rumex and Swertia. Isoorientin possesses significant anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Significantly protected PC12 nerve cells from 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic neurotoxicity and reduced the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Isoorientin showed anti-RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) activity.