Tiamenidine (also known as HOE 440) is a diazacycloalkene derivative patented by Farbwerke Hoechst A.-G. as 2 alpha-sympathomimetic antihypertensive agents. In preclinical models, tiamenidine induces hypotension and bradycardia in renal hypertensive cats and rats and in normal rats and dogs. Furthermore, Tiamenidine inhibits the liberation of norepinephrine from nerves leading to the heart and suppress sympathetic circulatory reflexes in dogs. In clinical trials, Tiamenidine exerts favor influences on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and reduces plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels and suppresses plasma renin activity. Unfortunately, during the withdrawal of Tiamenidine, there is a rebound of blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline, overshooting baseline levels.

Azepexole (or previously known as B-HT 933), a selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist that was studied for the man with physiological tremor. It was shown that the drug produced sedation compared to placebo but not when compared to pre-treatment values. Some studies also have revealed the anti-tussive and antihypertensive properties of azepexole.

Taprizosin (also known as UK-338,003) is an alpha1A-adrenoceptor antagonist that was developed for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, this compound possesses poor oral absorption.

Efaroxan (RX 821037) is a potent and selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist. Additionally, Efaroxan is a selective antagonist at the imidazoline I1 receptor. Efaroxan promotes insulin secretion, in the absence of exogenous agonists, by a mechanism that involves inhibition of ATP-regulated K+ channels. Efaroxan was in clinical trials for the treatment of diabetes mellitus however its development has been discontinued.

Cirazoline is an agonist of alpha1A adrenergic receptor, a partial agonist of alpha1B and alpha1D receptors, and an antagonist of alpha2 adrenergic receptors. Cirazoline was used to study the biologic function of adrenergic receptors. Injection of cirazoline into to the paravenricular hypothalamic nucleus of rats suppressed food and water intake. Cirazoline caused a large renal vasopressor response in rats. Systemic administration of cirazoline impaired spatial working memory in monkeys.

Tinazoline is an imidazole derivative patented by Ciba-Geigy A.-G. as vasoconstrictors, particularly as nasal decongestants in the treatment of common cold. Tinazoline showing potent and long-acting vasoconstrictor activity on several vascular beds in dogs, guinea-pigs, cats, and rabbits. The vasoconstrictor effect has been shown in animals to be due to a stimulation of the 1-adrenoceptors and the compound does not exhibit any B-adrenoceptor agonist activity.

3-[(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)carbonyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (LB-100) is an experimental cancer therapeutic with cytotoxic activity against cancer cells in culture and antitumor activity in animals. It is an intravenously administered, small-molecule, serine-threonine protein phosphatase (PP2A) inhibitor, being developed by Lixte Biotechnology Holdings. LB-100 delivers an active metabolite into the cell, potently inhibiting specifically the s/t ptases PP2A. Inhibition of PP2A markedly potentiates the effectiveness of standard anti-cancer drugs and X-ray that exert their clinical benefit by damaging DNA thereby inhibiting faithful cell division. Although the growth of normal cells including those of the bone marrow, GI tract, and hair is also impaired by cytotoxic cancer treatment, cancer cells often have acquired genetic damage that permits their unrestrained growth but also reduces their ability to repair DNA damage. Inhibition of PP2A by LB-100 further impairs DNA repair to a greater extent in the cancer cell than in the normal cell providing more selective killing. LB-100 used alone has modest inhibitory activity against many cancers in model systems, but certain human cancers, possessing unique genetic changes in addition to those reducing DNA damage repair, are particularly vulnerable to inhibition of PP2A by LB-100. Among these is myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), an increasingly common neoplastic disease, especially in persons aged 65 and older, characterized by failure of the bone marrow. In particular, a variant of MDS termed del(5q)MDS is missing ~50% of its PP2A activity rendering this tumor potentially vulnerable to further pharmacologic inhibition of PP2A