Oxyclozanide is a salicylanilide anthelmintic, used for the treatment and control of fascioliasis in cattle, sheep, and goats. The mechanism of action of oxyclozanide is the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in flukes. It is formulated as an oral drench containing oxyclozanide only or in combination with levamisole hydrochloride or oxfendazole or as a powder to be incorporated in the feed. The recommended doses are 10 to 15 mg oxyclozanide/kg BW for cattle and 15 mg oxyclozanide/kg BW for sheep and goats. The application was amended to exclude sheep milk and goat tissues and milk.

Rafoxanide is a halogenated salicylanilide used as a fasciolicide in cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. It is also active against nematodes, and the sheep nasal bot fly. Rafoxanide acts as by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation of flukes, including reduced ATP levels, decreased glycogen content and accumulation of succinate.

Phenothiazine, the parent compound of a multitude of present-day drugs, has been employed on an extensive scale for its insecticidal, fungicidal, antibacterial and anthelmintic properties. Phenothiazine was formerly used as an insecticide and as a drug to treat infections with parasitic worms (antihelminthic) in livestock and people. It was introduced as antihelminthic in livestock in 1940 and is considered, with thiabendazole, to be the first modern antihelminthic. Almost a catholicon, its widespread use in animals and man has led to the uncovering of many adverse reactions encompassing effects on blood elements, neuromuscular problems and photosensitization. Its potential side effects have now limited its use. The chemical structure of phenothiazine provides a most valuable molecular template for the development of agents able to interact with a wide variety of biological processes. Synthetic phenothiazines (with aliphatic, methylpiperazine, piperazine-ethanol, piperazine-ethyl, or piperidine side-chain) and/or phenothiazine-derived agents e.g., thioxanthenes, benzepines, imonostilbenes, tricyclic antidepressants, dimetothiazine, and cyproheptadine have been effective in the treatment of a number of medical conditions with widely different etiology. These include various currently clinically used drugs for their significant antihistamic, antipsychotic, anticholinergic (antiparkinson), antipruritic, and/or antiemetic properties.

Haloxon is an organophosphorus anthelmintic once used against nematodes of the abomasum and small intestine in ruminants. Haloxon is an organophosphorus cholinesterase antagonist. Laboratory and field trials with 7-day-old, 14-day-old and adult infections of the common gastrointestinal nematodes in 600 sheep showed that Haloxon at a dose rate of 30 to 55 mg. per kg. body-weight was a very highly efficient anthelrnintic. The drug was particularly effective against all stages of Haemonchus contenus, Trichostrongylus spp. and Coopería curticei; it was more active against adult than against larval Ostertagia spp" and Nematodirus spp. High activity was also reported against Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigono-cephalum and Oesophagostomum venulosumum but not against Trichuris avis nor Chabertia ovina.

Hexachlorophene, also known as Nabac, is an organochlorine compound that was once widely used as a disinfectant. The compound occurs as a white odorless solid, although commercial samples can be off-white and possess a slightly phenolic odor. It is insoluble in water but dissolves in acetone, ethanol, diethyl ether, and chloroform. Exact mechanism(s) of action unknown, but at low concentrations appears to interrupt bacterial electron transport and inhibit membrane-bound enzymes. Higher concentrations rupture bacterial membranes. It induces leakage, causes protoplast lysis, and inhibits respiration. In medicine, hexachlorophene is a useful as a topical anti-infective, anti-bacterial agent, often used in soaps and toothpaste. It is also used in agriculture as a soil fungicide, plant bactericide, and acaricide.

Piperazine, a six membered nitrogen containing heterocycle, is of great significance to the rational design of drugs. This moiety can be found in a plethora of well-known drugs with various therapeutic uses, such as antipsychotic, antihistamine, antianginal, antidepressant, anticancer, antiviral, cardio protectors, anti-inflammatory, and imaging agents. Slight modification to the substitution pattern on the piperazine nucleus facilitates a recognizable difference in the medicinal potential of the resultant molecules. Piperazine has been used as an antihelmintic drug. Piperazine works by paralyzing the worms. They are then passed in the stool.

Bunamidine is a anti-parasitic drug, which was approved by FDA for the treatment of tapeworms in cats and dogs (Scolaban 400 tablets).