Eptaloprost is a novel concept PGI2-mimetic, which is designed to be activated to the pharmacologically potent cicaprost via beta-oxidation. Eptaloprost has a significant antimetastatic activity in a spontaneously metastasizing tumor model. Eptaloprost was undergoing phase I clinical trials with Schering AG in Germany for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.

Ataprost (also known as ONO-41483; OP-41483), an epoprostenol agonist, participated in phase II clinical trials in Japan for the treatment patients with heart failure and myocardial ischemia. However, these trials were discontinued.

Meteneprost (9-deoxo-16, 16-dimethyl-9-methylene PGE2) is a prostaglandin E2 analog. It exerts uterine-stimulating potency: meteneprost is able to both stimulate uterine contractions and dilate the cervical canal. It was studied as an abortifacient in early pregnancy.

Trimoprostil is a synthetic prostaglandin E2 derivative and prostanoid receptor agonist, with potential gastric secretion inhibitor and antiulcerogenic activity. It has been shown to reduce hydrogen ion secretion, to enhance gastric bicarbonate secretion and to reduce aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury. In contrast to many E prostaglandins, it does not lower the tone of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Trimoprostil was well tolerated and more effective than placebo in the treatment of mild to moderate symptomatic reflux oesophagitis. It may be protective to human squamous oesophageal mucosa. Trimoprostil was not as effective as cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.

16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 acts as an agonist on most prostaglandin E (EP) receptor subtypes, it has prolonged half-life in vivo, because it is not a substrate for the enzyme 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase. This compound was studied by Fate Therapeutics in phase I clinical trials under the name FT1050 or ProHema-CB for pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies. However, this study was terminated.

Unoprostone Isopropyl is a synthetic docosanoid and a structural analogue of an inactive biosynthetic cyclic derivative of arachidonic acid, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F 2a. Although the mechanism of action is unknown, unoprostone isopropyl is believed to reduce elevated intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork. Unoprostone isopropyl (UI) may have a local effect on Big Potassium channels and ClC-2 chloride channels, but the exact mechanism is unknown at this time. Unoprostone is used for the management of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The therapeutic efficacy of Unoprostone can be decreased when used in combination with Celecoxib, Diclofenac, Diflunisal, Etodolac and some other drugs. Unoprostone isopropyl ophthalmic solution may gradually increase the pigmentation of the iris, cause pigment changes (darkening) to periorbital pigmented tissues and eyelashes, exacerbate active intraocular inflammation (e.g., uveitis), and cause macular edema. In clinical studies, the most common ocular adverse reactions with use of Rescula were burning/stinging, burning/stinging upon drug instillation, dry eyes, itching, increased length of eyelashes, and injection. These were reported in approximately 10–25% of patients. Ocular adverse reactions occurring in approximately 5–10% of patients were abnormal vision, eyelid disorder, foreign body sensation, and lacrimation disorder. Other adverse reactions occurred more rarely.

Dinoprost is the synthetic or partially synthetic, naturally-occurring prostaglandin F2 alpha (trade mark Prostin F2 alpha). Dinoprost has been used for therapeutic termination of pregnancy. Although the exact mode of action in pregnancy termination in humans is not fully defined, when Prostin F2 alpha is administered by the intrauterine route it initiates rhythmical uterine contractions which, if continued for a sufficient time, are capable of expelling the contents of the uterus. Sensitivity of the pregnant uterus to prostaglandins is lower during early and mid-pregnancy than at term.

Luprostiol is a synthetic prostaglandin F2α and is a luteolytic agent. It is used for estrus control and termination of pregnancy in mares. In cattle Luprostiol is indicated for: - Oestrus regulation / oestrus synchronization; - Treatment of suboestrus; - Induction of abortion; - Induction of parturition; - Treatment of pyometra, chronic endometritis and fetal mummification.

Cloprostenol is a synthetic prostaglandin analogue structurally related to Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), for use in cattle and horses. As a potent luteolytic agent it causes functional and morphological regression of the corpus luteum (luteolysis) in cattle and horses followed by return to oestrus and normal ovulation.

Limaprost alfadex, an oral prostaglandin E1derivative, jointly developed by Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Ono) and Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Dainippon), was approved in 1988 with an indication for treatment of various ischemic symptoms such as ulcer, pain and sensation of coldness of the hands and feet associated with thromboangiitis obliterans. This product has since been marketed by the two companies under two independent brands (Ono: OPALMON Tablet; Dainippon: PRORENAL Tablet). The two companies have jointly sought since 1991 to further expand the indication of limaprost for the treatment of lumbar spinal canal stenosis, based on the report that limaprost improved blood flow not only of limbs but of blood vessels supplying nutrition to the cauda equina, a mass of spinal nerves extending within lumbar spinal canal. With the efficacy and safety successfully confirmed by the two companies' research efforts, limaprost was approved on April 4, 2001 for "improvement in subjective symptoms (pain and numbness in lower limbs) and walking ability, which accompany acquired lumbar spinal canal stenosis (patients who show bilateral intermittent claudication but with normal Straight Leg Raising (SLR) test)." No other agent has ever obtained approval for this indication, either in Japan or abroad. Since lumbar spinal canal stenosis is mainly observed among the elderly people, the number of patients suffering from the disease is anticipated to increase as the population ages. Age-related changes in a bone (deformation of intervertebral joints and vertebra) and/or hypertrophy of the ligaments that cover the inner wall of the spinal canal contribute to a narrowing of the lumen of the lumbar spinal canal. Such a narrowed lumen contributes to poor blood circulation of the cauda equina, leading to lack of nutrition in the area and eventually resulting in neurologic functional impairment. As a result, pain and numbness are caused in lower limbs, which consequently lead to difficulty in walking (intermittent claudication) in many cases. In 2011, Ono and DSP initiated Phase II clinical trials in Japan for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. In 2013, these trials were discontinued because the study failed to demonstrate efficacy. Ono and DSP also discontinued the development of limaprost alfadex for the additional indication of cervical spondylosis in 2008 due to the failure to demonstrate the anticipated efficacy in a Phase II study in patients with the disease. However, it was verified by Seoul National University Hospital in November of 2014 that the study on the efficacy of oral limaprost alfadex after surgery for cervical myelopathy was still ongoing. Limaprost alfadex has been shown to improve peripheral circulatory failure with a vasodilator action and an antithrombotic effect. It also improves poor blood flow in the nerve tissue in cervical spondylosis and normalizes nerve function. One of the pharmacological action of limaprost is the suppression of NGF expression in human cells.