Selamectin (trade name Revolution, Stronghold) is a broad-spectrum endectocide. It is used in dogs and cats for treatment, control and prevention against fleas, heartworms, ear mites, ticks and other parasites. Selamectin is not approved for human use. It is a a semi-synthetic compound of the avermectin class, a macrocyclic lactone.

Florfenicol (Nuflor) is a fluorinated synthetic analog of thiamphenicol. Florfenicol is indicated for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) associated with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Haemophilus somnus, for treatment of bovine interdigital phlegmon (foot rot, acute interdigital necrobacillosis, infectious pododermatitis) associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus. Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum, primarily bacteriostatic, antibiotic with a range of activity similar to that of chloramphenicol, including many gram-negative and gram-positive organisms; however, florfenicol does not carry the risk of inducing human aplastic anemia that is associated with chloramphenicol. It also has activity against some chloramphenicol resistant strains of bacteria, possibly because it is less affected by the major enzyme produced in plasmid-mediated bacterial resistance against chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. Although the activity of florfenicol against obligate anaerobes is not addressed in the literature, it is likely to be quite effective. Antibiotic principle of Florfenicol is similar to that of chloramphenicol and Thiamphenicol. Florfenicol inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 70S ribosomal 50S subunits of susceptible bacteria, leading to the inhibition of peptidyl transferase and thereby preventing the transfer of amino acids to extending peptide chains and subsequent protein formation. The bacterial receptor that is the site of action for florfenicol is also considered to be the same as that for chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. Florfenicol has a fluorine atom instead of the hydroxyl group located at C-3 in the structure of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. This prevents the acetylation of bacterial acetyltransferase in this site as to allow florfenicol to be less susceptible to deactivation by bacteria with plasmid-transmissible resistance that involves acetylation of the C-3 hydroxyl group in chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol, and prevents their interaction with bacterial ribosomes.

Ceftiofur is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin type (third generation), licensed for use in veterinary medicine only. It was first described in 1987. It is marketed by pharmaceutical company Zoetis as Excenel, Naxcel, and Excede and is also the active ingredient in that company's Spectramast LC (lactating cow formulation) and Spectramast DC (dry cow formulation) product. Ceftiofur has worldwide approvals for respiratory disease in swine, ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) and horses and has also been approved for foot rot and metritis infections in cattle. Ceftiofur has also been approved in various countries for early mortality infections in day-old chicks and turkey poults. Ceftiofur (NAXCEL) is indicated for treatment of bovine respiratory disease (shipping fever, pneumonia) associated with Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni. NAXCEL is also indicated for treatment of acute bovine interdigital necrobacillosis (foot rot, pododermatitis) associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus.

Amitraz (development code BTS27419) is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide and has also been described as a scabicide. It was first synthesized by the Boots Co. in England in 1969. Amitraz is the only formamidine used as an ectoparasiticide. It appears to act by inhibition of the enzyme monoamine oxidase and as an agonist at octopamine receptors. Monoamine oxidase metabolizes amine neurotransmitters in ticks and mites, and octopamine is thought to modify tonic contractions in parasite muscles. Amitraz has a relatively wide safety margin in mammals; the most frequently associated adverse effect is sedation, which may be associated with an agonist activity of amitraz on α2-receptors in mammalian species. Amitraz is available as a spray or dip for use against mites, lice, and ticks in domestic livestock. It controls lice and mange in pigs and psoroptic mange in sheep. In cattle, it has been used in dips, sprays, or pour-ons for control of single-host and multihost tick species. In dipping baths, amitraz can be stabilized by the addition of calcium hydroxide and maintained by standard replenishment methods for routine tick control. An alternative method involves the use of total replenishment formulations in which the dip bath is replenished with full concentration of amitraz at weekly intervals before use. Amitraz is contraindicated in horses. Amitraz has antipyretic and antiinflammatory activity in vivo, and also has been shown to inhibit prostaglandin E2 synthesis(13). Decreased body temperature was observed in two of our cases. The basic approach to the patient with amitraz poisoning includes initial stabilization, treatment to reduce absorption and measures to improve elimination of the toxin. The medical management is essentially symptomatic and supportive. There is no specific antidote. Despite life-threatening symptomatology, all cases may recover completely. In this study we would like to emphasize that the incidence of poisoning with amitraz is increasing due to its widespread use in veterinary medicine. In order to minimize amitraz poisoning, public education should be given on primary prevention of poisoning and besides, producers should redesign containers as childproof packagers with warning labels

Fenbendazole (FBZ) is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole antiparasitic drug currently approved for use in numerous animal species, including rodents. Although nematodes, and in particular pinworms, are the main endoparasites of concern in laboratory rodents, FBZ also is indicated for use in other animal species against a wide spectrum of nematodes, tapeworms, flukes, and protozoa (Giardia duodenalis, Encephalitozoon intestinalis). The molecular mode of fenbendazole action consists in
binding of beta-tubulin monomer prior to dimerisation with alfa-tubulin which blocks subsequent microtubule formation. These microtubules are important organelles involved in the motility, the division and the secretion processes of cells in all living organisms. In the worms the blocking of microtubules perturbs the uptake of glucose, which eventually empties the glycogen reserves. This blocks the whole energy management mechanism of the worms that are paralyzed and die or are expelled. FBZ have a greater binding to nematode as compared to mammalian tubulin at 37°C. The oral LD50 of p-OH fenbendazole was >10 000 mg/kg b.w. in mice and rats.

Toltrazuril (Baycox, Procox, Tolcox, Toltrazuril) is a veterinary drug approved in Europe for the treatment of parasitic infections caused by roundworms and coccidia. In dogs it is used in combination with emodepside (Procox).

Pyriproxyfen is a broad-spectrum insect growth regulator with insecticidal activity against public health insect pests: houseflies, mosquitoes and cockroaches. In agriculture and horticulture, pyriproxyfen has registered uses for the control of scale, whitefly, bollworm, jassids, aphids and cutworms. Pyriproxyfen is used on citrus fruit in Israel, South Africa, Spain and Italy. Pyriproxyfen is one of several insecticides used for the control of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) in California, USA. Pyriproxyfen has also been considered by WHO for vector control under its Pesticides Evaluation Scheme. It is a potent suppressor of embryogenesis and adult formation of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Dipping of cotton or tomato seedlings infested with 0 to 1-day-old eggs in 0.1 mg litre−1 resulted in over 90% suppression of egg hatch of both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. Pyriproxyfen is registered in the U.S. for flea and tick control in the home and on pets, as well as indoor and outdoor ant and roach control. Formulas include carpet powders, foggers, aerosols, shampoos, bait, and pet collars.

Monepantel (trade name Zolvix) is a new oral anthelmintic drug from a group of amino-acetonitrile derivatives with broad-spectrum activity against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, including adults and L4 larvae of the most important species. Monepantel have a novel mode of action involving a unique, nematode-specific clade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit ACR-23. Monepantel acts as a positive allosteric modulator of this receptor subunit, which is forced to open on stimulus but cannot close again, resulting in a constant uncontrolled flux of ions and finally in a depolarization of muscle cells leading to paralysis, spasmodic contractions of the anterior portion of the pharynx and ultimately death of adult nematodes. Monepantel-exposed C. elegans also exhibited molting defects and large vacuoles, characteristic for necrosis, are developed. Some nematode species lack ACR-23/MPTL-1 and predicted them to be Monepantel insensitive. Caenorhabditis nematodes equipped with ACR-23/MPTL-1 receptor subunits were found susceptible to Monepantel, whereas Pristionchus pacificus, closely related to these worms but lacking an ACR-23/MPTL-1 homolog, was tolerant. Monepantel shows an excellent tolerability in mammals and it is also active against multidrug-resistant parasites, indicating that its molecular target is absent or inaccessible in the host and is different from those of the classic anthelmintics. Safety pharmacological studies in rats indicate that MOP does not exert negative effects at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Unfortunately, recent studies from New Zealand and Australia have reported that the efficacy of this new anthelmintic has declined markedly. Lack of efficacy of MOP was confirmed in the slaughtered sheep in which burdens of T. circumcincta and T. colubriformis showed no significant reductions. Whilst these two parasites now appear solidly resistant, the status of O. venulosum remains less clear.

Dinotefuran is a new furanicotinyl insecticide which represents the third generation of neonicotinoid group. Dinotefuran, which was developed by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., was registered in Japan April 24, 2002 and the registration has been submitted to the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA. Dinotefuran was granted Organophosphorus Alternative and Reduced Risk Status by the EPA. Dinotefuran exhibits a insecticidal activity against Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Dictyoptera and Thysanoptera. Furthermore, it has very low phytotoxicity so that it can be utilized for many kinds of crops. Dinotefuran is water-soluble and has excellent systemic and translaminar action in many plants. This property enables dinotefuran to be applied using various methods and various formulations. The binding assay using insect nAChRs and the electrophysiological study showed that dinotefuran acted on nAChRs as an agonist. However, in the binding study, the affinity of dinotefuran against the binding site of other neonicotinoids was very low, suggesting that this compound acts on a different site than other neonicotinoids.

Resocortol butyrate is a corticosteroid which has a high intrinsic glucocorticoid activity. Its mineralocorticoid and progestational activity is very low. Resocortol butyrate has local and systemic glucocorticoid effects. The expression of these effects depends on the mode of application and the dosage applied. After topical application on the skin, a local anti-inflammatory effect is seen, which is accompanied by a moderate and reversible adrenal suppression at higher doses. After oral administration in dogs few systemic effects were observed. Resocortol butyrate was marketed under the brand name Pruban as the topical cream for the treatment of acute localised moist dermatitis in dogs. It was discontinued.