Zuclopenthixol is indicated the management of the manifestations of schizophrenia and other mental illnesses with disturbances in thinking, emotional reactions and behaviour. It is also used to treat the manic phase of manic depressive illness. Zuclopenthixol, a thioxanthene derivative, has high affinity for both dopamine D1 receptors and dopamine D2 receptors. Zuclopenthixol also has high affinity for α1-adrenergic and 5-HT2 receptors. Zuclopenthixol (CLOPIXOL®) is avavilable in the form of tablets and solution for intramuscular injections.

Roxatidine is an histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Roxatidine is a potent and selective inhibitor of basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion through competitive blockade of H2-receptors. Total pepsin secretion is reduced in a dose-dependent manner. There is an independent mucosal protection action. Roxatidine is indicated for the treatment of peptic ulcer, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome also it can be used as a premedication before anaesthesia. Roxatidine possessed a robust estrogenic activity.

Tilarginine is L-N-monomethyl arginine (L -NMMA), a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which has been studied in the treatment of septic shock and cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction. Despite strong evidence that excessive nitric oxide (NO) production plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of septic shock and may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction, outcome studies in these two disorders have proved disappointing. Tilarginine therapy was associated with an excess mortality, particularly at doses > 5 mg/(kg h), in septic shock, whereas the effects of a lower dose (1 mg/(kg h)) in cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction were neutral. The excess mortality in patients with septic shock was almost certainly the result of unfavorable hemodynamic changes induced by Tilarginine (decreased cardiac output, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and reduced tissue oxygen delivery) whereas the lack of benefit in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction may have been because the dose of Tilarginine was too low.

Alfadolone or alphadolone is an oral neurosteroid, which can be useful as an analgesic.

Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) is a 19-norprogesterone derivative with high biological activity at the progesterone receptor, a weak anti-androgenic effect, but with no binding to estrogen, glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid receptors. Nomegestrol has been developed by the Monaco-based company Théramex SAM (a Teva subsidiary). Nomegestrol acetate has been used successfully for the treatment of some gynaecological disorders (menstrual disturbances, dysmenorrhoea, premenstrual syndrome) and as a component of hormone replacement therapy in combination with estradiol for the relief of menopausal symptoms; it has been approved in Europe as monotherapy for the treatment of the menopausal syndrome, uterine diseases and menorrhagia, and in combination with an estrogen for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Nomegestrol acetate in combination with estradiol is used as an oral contraceptive.

Vapreotide (Sanvar) is cyclic octapeptide analog of somatostatin with higher metabolic stability than the parent hormone and developed by Debiopharm Group for the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic liver disease and AIDS-related diarrhea. Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of vasodilatory peptides from the gastrointestinal tract, including glucagon, which has been shown to contribute to the maintenance of portal hypertension. While natural somatostatin has a very short half-life (3 min), the elimination half-life of vapreotide is reported to be approximately 10 times longer than that of its parent compound. Pharmacodynamic studies of healthy volunteers demonstrated suppression of gastric acid secretion and inhibition of the secretion of pancreatic enzyme, which is similar to somatostatin. Vapreotide has demonstrated efficacy in the early management of acute variceal hemorrhage but only based on combined primary endpoints of hemostasis and survival after 5 days. In addition, vapreotide’s efficacy is limited to only one major study performed in Europe and not yet in the United States. Although it did not show a significant reduction in mortality, vapreotide’s observed the effect on hemostasis, as well as its favorable safety profile. Adverse effects that occurred in the vapreotide trials were generally mild and primarily included gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations of the gastrointestinal hormonal system. Vapreotide not recommended for approval by an FDA Advisory Panel due to Insufficient evidence that the drug provided a benefit in the treatment for acute esophageal variceal bleeding.

Atosiban (brand name Tractocile) is a competitive antagonist of human oxytocin at receptor level. In rats and guinea pigs, atosiban was shown to bind to oxytocin receptors, to decrease the frequency of contractions and the tone of the uterine musculature, resulting in a suppression of uterine contractions. Atosiban was also shown to bind to the vasopressin receptor, thus inhibiting the effect of vasopressin. Tractocile is indicated to delay imminent pre-term birth in pregnant adult women with: − regular uterine contractions of at least 30 seconds duration at a rate of ≥ 4 per 30 minutes − a cervical dilation of 1 to 3 cm (0-3 for nulliparas) and effacement of ≥ 50% − a gestational age from 24 until 33 completed weeks − a normal foetal heart rate. Atosiban does not have U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in the United States.

Buserelin is a synthetic peptide analog of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, which stimulates the pituitary gland's gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR). Buserelin is used for palliative treatment of prostate cancer, and for treatment of endometriosis. Buserelin is also used for infertility treatment to prepare the pituitary gland before starting treatment with gonadotrophins (FSH and LH) to artificially stimulate ovulation.

Aceclidine is a parasympathomimetic agent used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma as topical eye drop solution. It is as a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist with weak anticholinesterase activity. Acting directly on the motor end-plate (cholinergic nerve endings) it decreases intraocular pressure and mediates the contraction of iris muscle. Aceclidine increased outflow facility in human eyes in vitro by a direct stimulation of the outflow tissues in the absence of an intact ciliary muscle. This effect was biphasic, occurring at concentrations of 10 uM and lower with no effect at higher concentrations. Passed numerous clinical trials in Russia, France, Italy and other countries and was widely used in Europe but never been in clinical use in USA.